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We conducted a pilot study from January 2018 to December 2024, enrolling consecutive patients with BOS defined by NIH criteria who failed glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors for \u22654 weeks. Sixteen patients received salvage therapy with ruxolitinib 5 mg twice daily and nintedanib 150 mg twice daily (RN cohort) in continuous 28-day cycles for up to six cycles, while 37 contemporary patients served as controls. At baseline, NIH lung scores in the RN cohort were 18.8% NIH 1, 18.8% NIH 2, and 62.5% NIH 3. The median number of treatment cycles was 3.5 (range, 1\u20136). At 3 months, 11 patients (68.8%) achieved \u226510% improvement in %FEV1 from baseline (median = 26.5%, range = 15.6%\u201358.2%). By NIH lung response criteria, the overall response rate (ORR) was 62.5% (12.5% complete response, 50.0% partial response) in the RN cohort versus 13.5% (5.4% complete, 8.1% partial) in controls. Notably, hematologic toxicities were less frequent with RN therapy than in controls. These findings suggest that low-dose ruxolitinib combined with nintedanib is an effective and well-tolerated salvage regimen for BOS after allo-HSCT and warrant confirmation in a prospective phase II study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897261438731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:52:10Z","timestamp":1775285530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salvage nintedanib plus low-dose ruxolitinib therapy for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome refractory to calcineurin inhibitors and glucocorticoids after allogeneic transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ya","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy 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