{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:42:42Z","timestamp":1787316162481,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acupunct Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to assess the standing of acupuncture as a clinical tool in the management of trigeminal neuralgia against the current first-line drug treatment (carbamazepine) and the most effective surgery (microvascular decompression (MVD)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data regarding efficacy, side effects and cost were compiled for each of these three modalities from the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Patient stress was estimated according to Holmes and Rahe\u2019s Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acupuncture was not significantly more effective than its corresponding control (p\u2009=\u20090.088), but had the greatest efficacy (mean\u2009\u00b1\u200995% confidence interval) of the modalities considered (86.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6% compared to surgery (79.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7%) and pharmacotherapy (71.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5%), respectively). Acupuncture also had fewer mean reported side effects (22.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9%) compared with surgery (25.3%\u2009\u00b1\u200912.6%) and pharmacotherapy (88.8%\u2009\u00b1\u200925.0%), and the lowest cost; after 5 years, the cost of acupuncture was estimated to be \u00a3750, compared to \u00a31507.73 for carbamazepine and \u00a34878.42 for MVD. Acupuncture was the least stressful according to the SRRS (53 points), whereas surgery was second most stressful (153 points) and pharmacotherapy was the most stressful intervention to patients (217 points).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acupuncture appears more effective than pharmacotherapy or surgery. Statistical analysis of side effects was not possible due to inconsistent reporting protocols, but the data suggest that acupuncture is considerably safer than pharmacotherapy or surgery. Acupuncture also appears to be the least expensive therapeutic modality to deliver long-term (65 weeks onwards), and our analysis indicated that it was less stressful to patients than pharmacotherapy or surgery. Further study into these areas and the practicality of its availability in the UK National Health Service (NHS) and other health systems is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0964528420924042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T04:03:50Z","timestamp":1591761830000},"page":"192-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Acupuncture in the management of trigeminal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"James W","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, <!---->Bangor University<!---->, Bangor, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, <!---->Bangor University<!---->, Bangor, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2015.2.20140501"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.JNS14346"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE. Neuropathic pain \u2013 pharmacological management: the pharmacological management of neuropathic pain in adults in non-specialist settings: costing statement 2013 pp. 1\u20137 https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg173\/resources\/costing-statement-pdf-191617453"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"647","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis for trigeminal neuralgia: cyberknife vs microvascular decompression","volume":"4","author":"Tarricone R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tarricone R, Aguzzi G, Musi F, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis for trigeminal neuralgia: cyberknife vs microvascular decompression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2008; 4(3): 647\u2013652.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-012-0095-0"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"763","article-title":"[Clinical research of primary trigeminal neuralgia treated with electroacupuncture at qi streets acupoints combined with spinal regulation therapy]","volume":"34","author":"Yang J-X","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang J-X, Zhang J-P, Yu J-C, et al. [Clinical research of primary trigeminal neuralgia treated with electroacupuncture at qi streets acupoints combined with spinal regulation therapy]. Chin Acupunct Moxibust 2014; 34(8): 763\u2013768.","journal-title":"Chin Acupunct Moxibust"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"715","article-title":"[Clinical observation on three-combination needling method for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia]","volume":"28","author":"Peng Y-Y","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peng Y-Y, Huang Y-S, Zhang S-L, et al. [Clinical observation on three-combination needling method for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia]. Chin Acupunct Moxibust 2008; 28(10): 715\u2013718.","journal-title":"Chin Acupunct Moxibust"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"668","article-title":"[Clinical observation on acupoint injection of VitB12 for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]","volume":"27","author":"Zhou C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhou C, Kong D, Han Z. [Clinical observation on acupoint injection of VitB12 for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]. Chin Acupunct Moxibust 2007; 27(9): 668\u2013670.","journal-title":"Chin Acupunct Moxibust"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-012-1021-2"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"549","article-title":"[Therapeutic effect of deep acupuncture at local acupoints on trigeminal neuralgia]","volume":"25","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang X. [Therapeutic effect of deep acupuncture at local acupoints on trigeminal neuralgia]. Chin Acupunct Moxibust 2005; 25(8): 549\u2013550.","journal-title":"Chin Acupunct Moxibust"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1050778"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000489761.43274.f9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000869"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.085"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3085-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000984"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"539","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"27","author":"Khan S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan S, Khan B, Khan A, et al. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2015; 27(3): 539\u2013542.","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0293-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415611406"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ctim.2000.0418"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7311.485"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000209315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0563-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Carbamazepine-induced atrioventricular block in an elderly woman","volume":"44","author":"Can \u0130","year":"2016","unstructured":"Can \u0130, Tholakanahalli V. Carbamazepine-induced atrioventricular block in an elderly woman. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2016; 44(1): 68\u201370.","journal-title":"Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000937"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-017-2786-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009001200014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Pharmacological versus microvascular decompression approaches for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: clinical outcomes and direct costs","volume":"4","author":"Lemos L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lemos L, Alegria C, Oliveira J, et al. Pharmacological versus microvascular decompression approaches for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: clinical outcomes and direct costs. J Pain Res 2011; 4: 233\u2013244.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-016-0791-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-2856-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.05.098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12275"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.cr.2015-0227"}],"container-title":["Acupuncture in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0964528420924042","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0964528420924042","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0964528420924042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:18:31Z","timestamp":1777367911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0964528420924042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0964528420924042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0964528420924042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-5284","1759-9873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-5284","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-9873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]}}}