{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:55:24Z","timestamp":1777380924724,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007104","name":"Trakya \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TUBAP-2018\/220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUBAP-2018\/220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acupunct Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 and BL20 on the testicular tissues in a rat model of diabetes and to explore the mechanisms of action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 34 male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to a control group (n = 10), diabetes (D) group (n = 12) or diabetes + acupuncture (DA) group (n = 12). To model diabetes, rats in groups D and DA received an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 35 mg\/kg streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH = 4.5; 0.1 M) after 2 weeks of high-fat diet administration. Under xylazine\/ketamine anesthesia, stainless steel needles (30 mm \u00d7 0.25 mm) were inserted bilaterally at ST36 and BL20. The needles were connected to an EA device via cables, and EA was applied for 30 min (15 Hz frequency and 0.2\u20131 mA intensity) twice a week for 5 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of EA at ST36 and BL20 on blood glucose levels and body weight, biochemical parameters, histopathological, morphometric and immunohistochemical findings, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis were evaluated. A significant decrease was detected in DA versus D groups in blood glucose levels, basement membrane thickness and apoptotic cell\/tubule indices. In addition, there was a significant increase in the Johnsen scores, seminiferous tubule diameters, serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, proliferation indices, and sex hormone\u2013binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) immunoreactivities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EA had multiple positive effects on blood glucose homeostasis and testicular structure\/function in this rat model of diabetes. EA may be effective at preventing or eliminating histopathological damage in the diabetic testis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09645284221146196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T05:58:08Z","timestamp":1674107888000},"page":"297-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of electroacupuncture at ST36 and BL20 on the diabetic rat testis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Gulnur","family":"Kizilay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Ersoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2001-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuneyt","family":"Bozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selim","family":"Demirtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selman","family":"Cikmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09645284221146196","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. 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