{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T13:13:20Z","timestamp":1788527600690,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H00275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H00275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acupunct Med"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this pilot study was to examine whether tactile length-memorisation training practised in a single basic posture could improve insertion-depth control across different needling postures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-group pre-post pilot study, eight visually impaired acupuncture students at a school for the blind performed needle insertions to a target depth of 15\u2009mm on a prone practice model before and after a 2-week home-based tactile length-memorisation training programme. Insertions were performed at three sites: posterior (midline of the back), right-lateral (right abdominal region) and left-lateral (left abdominal region). The practitioner\u2019s working posture naturally differed for each site: upright for the posterior, inclined forward and to the right for the right-lateral, and slightly forward for the left-lateral insertion. The training involved repeated tactile memorisation and reproduction of the residual needle length using the fingertips and was conducted only in the basic posture used for needling the posterior region (upright posture). Before and after the training, we computed the mean absolute error, median absolute deviation and the proportion of trials with errors exceeding 5\u2009mm. Outcomes were assessed using paired statistical tests and effect size metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean absolute error decreased significantly across all regions after training (from approximately 5\u20136\u2009mm to 1\u20132\u2009mm). No errors exceeding 5\u2009mm were observed post-training, and median absolute deviation decreased significantly only in the left-lateral region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These preliminary findings suggest that tactile length-memorisation training may enhance insertion-depth precision without visual cues and may be applicable across different needling postures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09645284261481534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:06:25Z","timestamp":1788339985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tactile length-memorisation training for needle depth control: A pilot study of cross-postural skill transfer"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9868-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Miyachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture and Physical Therapy Teacher Training School, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Gifu Prefectural School for the Blind, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0592-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsunehiko","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture and Physical Therapy Teacher Training School, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Doctoral Programme in Disability Sciences, Degree Programmes in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Doctoral Programme in Sports Medicine, Degree Programmes in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7452-6860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miyono","family":"Okinaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture and Physical Therapy Teacher Training School, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mti7070069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2014-010585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.36.290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Analysis of factors affecting positioning of accurate insertion points by students during electric acupuncture practice for the sciatic nerve in acupuncture-moxibustion and manual therapy courses at a special needs education school","volume":"21","author":"Kudo S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kudo S, Oka A, Wada T. Analysis of factors affecting positioning of accurate insertion points by students during electric acupuncture practice for the sciatic nerve in acupuncture-moxibustion and manual therapy courses at a special needs education school. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2020; 21: 33\u201340 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Acupuncture safety guideline","author":"Ozaki A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozaki A, Sakamoto A. Acupuncture-related medical accidents and adverse events: safety guidelines for acupuncture practice. In: Committee for Acupuncture Safety (ed.) Acupuncture safety guideline. Ishiyaku Publishers, 2007, pp.100\u2013101 [in Japanese]."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Preclinical training for safe acupuncture practice: an educational program for acupuncture students at Tsukuba College of Technology","volume":"9","author":"Tsukayama H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tsukayama H, Yamashita H. Preclinical training for safe acupuncture practice: an educational program for acupuncture students at Tsukuba College of Technology. Techno Rep Tsukuba Coll Technol 2002; 9(1): 41\u201346 [in Japanese].","journal-title":"Techno Rep Tsukuba Coll Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00901.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000217124.94291.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Relationship between whole-body posture and pushing condition during assembly tasks: physical workload evaluation","volume":"67","author":"Kadomatsu M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kadomatsu M, Seo A. Relationship between whole-body posture and pushing condition during assembly tasks: physical workload evaluation. J Jpn Ind Manage Assoc 2016; 67: 49\u201358 [in Japanese]","journal-title":"J Jpn Ind Manage Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00135.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.06.007"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"514","article-title":"Visual feedback is not sufficient for surgical depth perception","volume":"16","author":"Tendick F","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tendick F, Downes M, Goktekin T, et al. Visual feedback is not sufficient for surgical depth perception. IEEE Trans Robot Autom 2000; 16(4): 514\u2013519.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Robot Autom"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(03)00458-9"}],"container-title":["Acupuncture in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09645284261481534","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09645284261481534","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09645284261481534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:19:06Z","timestamp":1788524346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09645284261481534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09645284261481534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09645284261481534","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-5284","1759-9873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-5284","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-9873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"article-number":"09645284261481534"}}