{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:55:08Z","timestamp":1779886508155,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Polymers and Polymer Composites"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Polyaniline zinc oxide (PANI-ZnO) composites were synthesized via a chemical route, varying zinc oxide content from 20\u00a0wt.% to 25\u00a0wt.%. The structural integrity of the PANI-ZnO composites was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Two-probe measurements were conducted to evaluate DC conductivity as a function of temperature in the range (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>303<\/mml:mn>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>o<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mn>423<\/mml:mn>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). At 0\u00a0wt.%, the conductivity ranged from 4.88 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    at\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>303<\/mml:mn>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    to 1.43 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    at\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>423<\/mml:mn>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    . For the 20\u00a0wt.% composite, the values were 2.3 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    at 303\u00a0K and 2.5 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    at\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>423<\/mml:mn>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    . Notably, the 25\u00a0wt.% composite exhibited enhanced conductivity, reaching 6.12 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    at\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>423<\/mml:mn>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    and 1.0 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    at\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>303<\/mml:mn>\n                          <mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    . The observed semi-conducting behaviour, with conductivity increasing with temperature, highlights the potential of these materials for thermoelectric applications. Additionally, the Seebeck Coefficient of all samples linearly raises with increasing temperature and concentration of Zinc oxide, and reaching the maximum 50\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    from 30\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    at\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>373<\/mml:mn>\n                          <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    , which suggests that the synthesized materials may be good candidates for thermoelectric devices. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a dual-phase morphology with platelet and flaky structures interlocked by granular particles, emphasizing the structural robustness of the composites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09673911251346996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T20:52:13Z","timestamp":1748379133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of polyaniline zinc oxide composites: A study on temperature-dependent conductivity and seebeck coefficient"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Qasim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Shakoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Waheed","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMSATS University Islamabad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439894156"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2748864"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.26985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Handbook of organic conductive molecules and polymers","author":"Trivedi D","year":"1997","unstructured":"Trivedi D, Nalwa H. 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