{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:45:42Z","timestamp":1777855542021,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the second half of the nineteenth century, when the typical course of various febrile clinical phenomena was found to be specific to particular infectious diseases, Carl Liebermeister successfully pioneered the investigation of the pathophysiology of fever and the regulation of body temperature. He applied biophysical and pharmacological antipyresis, especially for the treatment of typhoid fever, and developed new statistical tools for the evaluation of therapeutic results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096777200401200411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T05:15:53Z","timestamp":1484284553000},"page":"215-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Carl Liebermeister (1833\u20131901): A Pioneer of the Investigation and Treatment of Fever and the Developer of a Statistical Test"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Eugene","family":"Seneta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fritz J","family":"Seif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Liebermeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Carl Liebermeister: Ein Lebensbild nach Briefen, Schriften und Erinnerungen","author":"Abbegg M","year":"1919"},{"key":"bibr2-096777200401200411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1163\/22977953-0260304006","volume":"26","author":"Koelbing HM","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gesnerus"},{"key":"bibr3-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases","author":"Liebermeister K","year":"1888"},{"key":"bibr4-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Le\u00e7ons de pathologie interne et de th\u00e9rapeutique (maladies infectieuses).","year":"1887"},{"key":"bibr5-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Manuale di patologia e terapia della febbre","author":"Liebermeister C","year":"1881"},{"key":"bibr6-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Das Leben und das Wirken von Carl von Liebermeister","author":"Hentrich H","year":"1939"},{"key":"bibr7-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Carl Liebermeister 1833\u20131901.","author":"Baumberger HR","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr8-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Die Antipyretikatherapie bei Carl Liebermeister","author":"Wiegand W","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr9-096777200401200411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4565(01)00027-4"},{"key":"bibr10-096777200401200411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01051.2001"},{"key":"bibr11-096777200401200411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01005.2001"},{"key":"bibr12-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Fever: Its Biology, Evolution and Function","author":"Kluger MJ","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr13-096777200401200411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1991.71.1.93"},{"key":"bibr14-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Handbuch der Pathologie und Therapie des Fiebers","author":"Liebermeister C","year":"1875"},{"key":"bibr15-096777200401200411","volume-title":"Geschichte der Medizin: Die Reihenfolge ihrer Epochen-Bilder und die treibenden Kr\u00e4fte ihrer Entwicklung; 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On the Importance and Value of Arithmetic Means, With Especial Reference to Recent Physiological Researches on the Determination of the Influence of Certain Agencies Upon the Metamorphosis of Tissue; With Rules for Accurately Estimating the Same (Selected Monographs, Vol. XL). London: New Sydenham Society, 1861: 185\u2013250. Translation by Francis T Bond, with a Preface by the translator on pp. 183\u20134. The German original was Die Bedeutung und der Werth arithmetischer Mittel mit besonderer Beziehung des Einflusses gegebener Momente auf den Stoffwechsel, und Regeln zur exacteren Beurtheilung dieses Einflusses.\n                      Archiv f\u00fcr Physiologische Heilkunde\n                      1858;NF 2:145-219. The term\n                      Stoffwechsel\n                      literally translated as \u201cmetamorphosis of tissue\u201d actually means \u201cmetabolism\u201d."},{"key":"bibr31-096777200401200411","unstructured":"Vierordt C. 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