{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:45:51Z","timestamp":1777855551073,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alexander Ivanov was an outstanding Russian painter who lived in the middle of the nineteenth century, during the romantic period. He did not accept romanticism but instead tried to create his own original style, an ambitious combination of spiritual profundity and a manner of execution unparalleled in Western European art. Ivanov's intention and style are best reflected in his major work The Appearance of Christ to the People, a picture on which he worked for over 20 years. He painted more than 400 sketches of the picture while attempting to bring his masterpiece to perfection. At the end of his life Ivanov became disillusioned, renounced his strong religious conviction and became suspicious. This study examines the influence of his background, life story and personality on the creative process. From a diagnostic perspective, Ivanov's personality featured obsessive, narcissistic and schizoid traits. In his final years he suffered from a delusional disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096777200501300111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T17:07:12Z","timestamp":1484068032000},"page":"49-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Appearance of the Artist to the People: The Creativity, Personality and Malady of Alexander Ivanov (1806\u201358)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Lerner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliezer","family":"Witztum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Matisse: The Artist Speaks","author":"Matisse H","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr2-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Philosophical Dictionary","author":"Voltaire","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr3-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Seeing the Insane","author":"Gilman SL","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr4-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Problemata","author":"Aristotle","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr5-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Phaedrus","author":"Plato","year":"1952"},{"key":"bibr6-096777200501300111","volume-title":"The Man of Genius","author":"Lombroso C","year":"1925"},{"key":"bibr7-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Three Books on Life. (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies.)","author":"Ficino M","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr8-096777200501300111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.1992.46.3.330"},{"key":"bibr9-096777200501300111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6613.1587"},{"key":"bibr10-096777200501300111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.10.1288"},{"key":"bibr11-096777200501300111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1989.11024436"},{"key":"bibr12-096777200501300111","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Artists 1420\u20131970.","author":"Milner J","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr13-096777200501300111","volume-title":"The Russian School of Painting","author":"Benois A","year":"1916"},{"key":"bibr14-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Aleksandr Andreevich Ivanov. Zhizn' i Tvorchestvo. [Alexander Andreevich Ivanov. Life and Creativity.]","author":"Alpatov M","year":"1956"},{"key":"bibr15-096777200501300111","volume-title":"A. A. Ivanov. Ego Zhizn' i Khudozhestvennaya Deyatelnost. [A. A. Ivanov. His Life and Art.]","author":"Tsomakion AI","year":"1894"},{"key":"bibr16-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Materiali dlya istorii khudozhestv v Rossii. [The Data for Russian Art History.]","author":"Ramazanov NA","year":"1863"},{"key":"bibr17-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Aleksandr Andreevich Ivanov. Ego Zhizn' i Perepiska. [Alexander Andreevich Ivanov. His Life and Correspondence.]","author":"Botkin M","year":"1880"},{"key":"bibr18-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Opit Polnoi Biografii A. A. Ivanova. [Experience of the Complete A. A. Ivanov's Biography.]","author":"Novitsky AP","year":"1895"},{"key":"bibr19-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Art and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Russia","author":"Bowlt JE","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr20-096777200501300111","unstructured":"Anonymous. The Old Masters Paintings. Hand-Painted by the Museum's Restorers. Alexander Ivanov (1806\u20131858). 2000. See http:\/\/www.artsstudio.com\/reproductions\/ivanov-a.htm."},{"key":"bibr21-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Zapiski rektora i professora Akademii Khudozhestv F. I. Iordana. [The memoirs of rector and professor of Art Academy of P. I. Iordan.]","author":"Iordan FI","year":"1918"},{"key":"bibr22-096777200501300111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096777200000800208"},{"key":"bibr23-096777200501300111","unstructured":"Gogol NV Sobranine sohinenii v 6 tomakh. [The Works of Gogol in 6 Volumes.] Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya Literatura, 1959: vol. V, pp. 69\u201370."},{"key":"bibr24-096777200501300111","volume-title":"A History of Russian Painting","author":"Bird A","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr25-096777200501300111","volume-title":"Russian Art. 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