{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:46:13Z","timestamp":1777855573692,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>George Washington died in the winter of 1799 from acute epiglottitis during an epidemic of influenza. The details of the illness were fully recorded by his secretary, Tobias Lear, and this is the first published description in English of this condition. An account is given of the medical treatment and controversies that arose in criticism of the attendant doctors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096777200501300410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,15]],"date-time":"2017-01-15T17:33:54Z","timestamp":1484501634000},"page":"225-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Death of George Washington (1732\u201399) and the History of Cynanche"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ben","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-096777200501300410","volume-title":"Potomac Squire","author":"Thane E","year":"1963"},{"key":"bibr2-096777200501300410","volume-title":"Letters and Recollections of George Washington","author":"Lear T","year":"1932"},{"key":"bibr3-096777200501300410","first-page":"437","volume":"9","author":"Howard JT","year":"1937","journal-title":"Annals of Medical History"},{"key":"bibr4-096777200501300410","first-page":"267","volume":"16","author":"Toner JM","year":"1885","journal-title":"Transactions of the Sixteenth Annual Session of the Medical Society of Virginia"},{"key":"bibr5-096777200501300410","unstructured":"5 Koblenzer PJ. Edinburgh's influence on medicine in the new world. Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh: Tercentenary Proceedings 1981, 1982: 143\u201358."},{"key":"bibr6-096777200501300410","unstructured":"6 Sparks J. In: Russell JB,\n                      et al\n                      . The Writings of George Washington. Boston: American Stationers Co., 1834\u201337: Vol. I, pp. 555\u201362."},{"key":"bibr7-096777200501300410","unstructured":"7 Ford WC. The Writings of George Washington. New York: GP Putnams Sons, 1889\u201393: Vol. XIV, pp. 245\u201355, 255\u20137."},{"key":"bibr8-096777200501300410","unstructured":"8 Medical Repository and Review of American Publications on Surgery and the Auxiliary Branches of Science. 2nd edn. New York: TJ Swords, 1805: Vol. III, pp. 311\u201312."},{"key":"bibr9-096777200501300410","first-page":"2","volume":"406","author":"Brickell J","year":"1800","journal-title":"Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser"},{"key":"bibr10-096777200501300410","first-page":"4","author":"Reid J","journal-title":"Philadelphia Medical Museum, 1800"},{"key":"bibr11-096777200501300410","volume-title":"Letters from William Cobbett to Edward Thornton in the Years 1797\u20131800","author":"Cole GDH","year":"1937"},{"key":"bibr12-096777200501300410","volume-title":"Life and Adventures of Peter Porcupine by Peter Porcupine Himself","author":"Cobbett W","year":"1927"},{"key":"bibr13-096777200501300410","unstructured":"13 Nydegger JA. 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Edinburgh: Guthrie and Fairbairn, 1793\u201395: Vol. II, p. 104."},{"key":"bibr17-096777200501300410","volume-title":"A Greek-English Lexicon","author":"Liddell HG","year":"1940"},{"key":"bibr18-096777200501300410","volume-title":"A History of Laryngology and Otology","author":"Wright J","year":"1914"},{"key":"bibr19-096777200501300410","volume-title":"Glossary of Later Latin to 600 AD","author":"Souter A","year":"1949"},{"key":"bibr20-096777200501300410","volume-title":"Revised Medieval Latin Words","author":"Latham RE","year":"1965"},{"key":"bibr21-096777200501300410","volume-title":"First Lines of the Practice of Physic for the Students of Edinburgh University","author":"Cullen W","year":"1787"},{"key":"bibr22-096777200501300410","first-page":"234","volume-title":"William Cullen","author":"O'Donnell JM","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr23-096777200501300410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23 Schneidemandel HH. Did George Washington die of quins? Archives of Otolaryngology 1976: 519\u201321.","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1976.00780140051001"},{"key":"bibr24-096777200501300410","unstructured":"1 Barker CA. Case report (of last illness of GW). Yale Journal of Biology 1936: 185\u20137."},{"key":"bibr25-096777200501300410","unstructured":"2 Bayley R. Cases of Angina Trachealis. Printed privately 1784. The author, Professor of Surgery and Medical Officer of New York, lists the many names given to this condition and their authors."},{"key":"bibr26-096777200501300410","first-page":"39","volume":"135","author":"Brown MW","year":"1932","journal-title":"Medical Journal and Record"},{"key":"bibr27-096777200501300410","unstructured":"4 Dale PM. George Washington in Medical Biographies. 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The medical history of George Washington. 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