{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:43:55Z","timestamp":1777855435999,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]],"date-time":"2013-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The most reliable biographies of Mozart highlight elements that are compatible with current diagnostic criteria for Asperger syndrome including qualitative impairment in social interaction and stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms. Furthermore, numerous features are documented including difficulty in communicating his emotional state and in inferring the mental state of his interlocutors, motor clumsiness, specific skills and genius, left-handedness, special sense of humour, physical developmental abnormalities, bizarre thinking, overvalued ideas and delusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772013503763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,28]],"date-time":"2013-09-28T00:09:20Z","timestamp":1380326960000},"page":"84-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Did Mozart suffer from Asperger syndrome?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Raja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"via Prisciano 26, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attwood T.\n                      Autism Asperger\u2019s digest.\n                      November\/December 2000 edition. (www.autismdigest.com) (accessed 4 June 2013).","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361300004001006"},{"key":"bibr2-0967772013503763","volume-title":"The genesis of artistic creativity: Asperger\u2019s syndrome and the arts","author":"Fitzgerald M","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr3-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6868.1563"},{"key":"bibr4-0967772013503763","first-page":"1171","volume":"78","author":"Ashoori A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr5-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Paumgartner B.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Z\u00fcrich un Freiburg im Breisgau: Atlantis Verlag, 1945, 3rd Italian Edition. Torino: Einaudi, 1978, p.18."},{"key":"bibr6-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.19."},{"key":"bibr7-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, pp.37\u201338."},{"key":"bibr8-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Paumgartner B.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Z\u00fcrich un Freiburg im Breisgau: Atlantis Verlag, 1945, 3rd Italian Edition. Torino: Einaudi, 1978, pp.23\u201324."},{"key":"bibr9-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.23."},{"key":"bibr10-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, pp.265\u2013266."},{"key":"bibr11-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., pp.91\u201392."},{"key":"bibr12-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., pp.91."},{"key":"bibr13-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., pp.225\u2013226."},{"key":"bibr14-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., pp.227\u2013228."},{"key":"bibr15-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Paumgartner B.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Z\u00fcrich un Freiburg im Breisgau: Atlantis Verlag, 1945, 3rd Italian Edition. Torino: Einaudi, 1978, pp.26\u201327."},{"key":"bibr16-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, pp.107\u2013108."},{"key":"bibr17-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Raja M.\n                      Don Giovanni di Mozart\n                      . Sorrento (Napoli): Di Mauro Editore, 2011, pp.146\u2013147."},{"key":"bibr18-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Solomon M.\n                      Mozart. A life\n                      , 1995. Italian Edition. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1st Oscar Edition, 1996, p.455."},{"key":"bibr19-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, p.117."},{"key":"bibr20-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.211."},{"key":"bibr21-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.304."},{"key":"bibr22-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-1992-8"},{"key":"bibr23-0967772013503763","first-page":"89","volume":"85","author":"Rapin I","year":"2001","journal-title":"Advances in Neurology"},{"key":"bibr24-0967772013503763","first-page":"368","volume":"17","author":"Ghanizadeh A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"},{"key":"bibr25-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-012-0086-2"},{"key":"bibr26-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Paumgartner B.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Z\u00fcrich un Freiburg im Breisgau: Atlantis Verlag, 1945, 3rd Italian Edition. Torino: Einaudi, 1978, p.19."},{"key":"bibr27-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.18."},{"key":"bibr28-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.22."},{"key":"bibr29-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, pp.23\u201324."},{"key":"bibr30-0967772013503763","first-page":"89","volume":"26","author":"Raja M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Directions in Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr31-0967772013503763","first-page":"156","volume-title":"Assessment of autism spectrum disorders","author":"Gamliel I","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr32-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00262.x"},{"key":"bibr33-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, p.61."},{"key":"bibr34-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., pp.98\u201399."},{"key":"bibr35-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Solomon M.\n                      Mozart. A life,\n                      1995. Italian Edition. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1st Oscar Edition, 1996, p.9."},{"key":"bibr36-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, p.140."},{"key":"bibr37-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01837709"},{"key":"bibr38-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x"},{"key":"bibr39-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00054"},{"key":"bibr40-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Solomon M.\n                      Mozart. A life,\n                      1995. Italian Edition. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1st Oscar Edition, 1996, p.10."},{"key":"bibr41-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., pp.282\u2013283."},{"key":"bibr42-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.283."},{"key":"bibr43-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.41."},{"key":"bibr44-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Paumgartner B.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Z\u00fcrich un Freiburg im Breisgau: Atlantis Verlag, 1945, 3rd Italian Edition. Torino: Einaudi, 1978, p.20."},{"key":"bibr45-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart.\n                      Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, p.229."},{"key":"bibr46-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Solomon M.\n                      Mozart. A life\n                      , 1995. Italian Edition. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1st Oscar Edition, 1996, p.87."},{"key":"bibr47-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.7."},{"key":"bibr48-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025927"},{"key":"bibr49-0967772013503763","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler KH and Herre G. (eds)\n                      Ludwig van Beethoven Konversations-hefte\n                      , volume 8, Lipsia, 1981, cit. in Solomon, 1995, p.85."},{"key":"bibr50-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531727"},{"key":"bibr51-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(01)00155-4"},{"key":"bibr52-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2007.03.005"},{"key":"bibr53-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807307978"},{"key":"bibr54-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Solomon M.\n                      Mozart. A life\n                      , 1995. Italian Edition. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1st Oscar Edition, 1996, p.9."},{"key":"bibr55-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-2547-8"},{"key":"bibr56-0967772013503763","first-page":"1","volume":"26","author":"Raja M","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr57-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Paumgartner B.\n                      Mozart\n                      . Z\u00fcrich un Freiburg im Breisgau: Atlantis Verlag, 1945, 3rd Italian Edition. Torino: Einaudi, 1978, p.23."},{"key":"bibr58-0967772013503763","volume-title":"The biology of the autistic syndromes","author":"Coleman M","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr59-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800340081013"},{"key":"bibr60-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Paumgartner B.\n                      Mozart\n                      . Z\u00fcrich un Freiburg im Breisgau: Atlantis Verlag, 1945, 3rd Italian Edition. Torino: Einaudi, 1978, p.19."},{"key":"bibr61-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31820944d7"},{"key":"bibr62-0967772013503763","unstructured":"http:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Salieri (accessed 4 June 2013)."},{"key":"bibr63-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Solomon M.\n                      Mozart. A life\n                      , 1995. Italian Edition. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1st Oscar Edition, 1996, p.502."},{"key":"bibr64-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.449."},{"key":"bibr65-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90023-L"},{"key":"bibr66-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361305057857"},{"key":"bibr67-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526770.005"},{"key":"bibr68-0967772013503763","first-page":"64","volume":"37","author":"Craig J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences"},{"key":"bibr69-0967772013503763","unstructured":"http:\/\/wamozartsite.tripod.com\/ (accessed 4 June 2013)."},{"key":"bibr70-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361301005002005"},{"key":"bibr71-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00154-3"},{"key":"bibr72-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Fog R and Regeur L. Did WA Mozart suffer from Tourette\u2019s syndrome? In:\n                      World Congress of Psychiatry\n                      , Vienna, 1983. (Cited in Simkin, 1992.)."},{"key":"bibr73-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.07.003"},{"key":"bibr74-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Paumgartner B.\n                      Mozart\n                      . Z\u00fcrich un Freiburg im Breisgau: Atlantis Verlag, 1945, 3rd Italian Edition. Torino: Einaudi, 1978, p.20."},{"key":"bibr75-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000102880"},{"key":"bibr76-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Solomon M.\n                      Mozart. A life\n                      , 1995. Italian Edition. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1st Oscar Edition, 1996, p.321."},{"key":"bibr77-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart\n                      . Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, p.125."},{"key":"bibr78-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320390213"},{"key":"bibr79-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07365.x"},{"key":"bibr80-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500608"},{"key":"bibr81-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361307070992"},{"key":"bibr82-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Solomon M.\n                      Mozart. A life\n                      , 1995. Italian Edition. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1st Oscar Edition, 1996, p.447."},{"key":"bibr83-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.445."},{"key":"bibr84-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Ibid., p.449."},{"key":"bibr85-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6876.521-c"},{"key":"bibr86-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2005.68.2.130"},{"key":"bibr87-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Hildesheimer W.\n                      Mozart\n                      . Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, Italian Edition. Firenze: Sansoni, 1979, p.372."},{"key":"bibr88-0967772013503763","unstructured":"Shrade LWA.\n                      Mozart\n                      , Bern und Munchen, 1964, p.23. (Cited in Hildesheimer, p.194)."},{"key":"bibr89-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361303007001008"},{"key":"bibr90-0967772013503763","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23618"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772013503763","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0967772013503763","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772013503763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:24:50Z","timestamp":1777505090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0967772013503763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0967772013503763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967772013503763","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]]}}}