{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:44:17Z","timestamp":1777855457784,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]],"date-time":"2014-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Letitia Fairfield \u2013 doctor, lawyer, public health worker, feminist and war worker \u2013 was a woman of surprising contradictions. She displayed some eccentric tendencies that sometimes did not sit comfortably with her role as a medical professional; she was, for example, a believer in witchcraft and a convert to Roman Catholicism. However, she made great contributions to medicine throughout her active career and did so during a period in which female access to medical education was limited. Few of her female or male peers received such respect or oversaw such change. Despite pushing contemporary professional boundaries and reaching a level of seniority unusual for female doctors of her era, however, Letitia was, whether through choice or through convention, channelled into traditionally female areas of medicine. Thus, her medical success arguably was due not only to her motivation and capability but also because she represented no real competition to men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772014525096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]],"date-time":"2014-03-03T20:19:43Z","timestamp":1393877983000},"page":"233-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Josephine Letitia Denny Fairfield (1885\u20131978): Pushing the boundaries of medicine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Garrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Cover Letter for the Papers of Dr JL Fairfield, CBE. 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To the ends of the earth: Women\u2019s search for education in medicine, Cambridge, USA: Harvard, 1992, pp. 9\u20139."},{"key":"bibr8-0967772014525096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mary Elston.\n                      Women doctors in the British health services\n                      . Thesis at University of Leeds, Department of Sociology, 1986; p.8.","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11346518"},{"key":"bibr9-0967772014525096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300059081"},{"key":"bibr10-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Welcome Library Archives, GC\/193\/A.7."},{"key":"bibr11-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Norman MacCleod, Telephone interview, 4 April 2013."},{"key":"bibr12-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Brian Harrison, Interview with Letitia Fairfield 21 December 1976, Harrison Tapes, Women\u2019s Library London, Nellie Crocker Mss."},{"key":"bibr13-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Geddes JF. Knowledge and asset of needlework a great asset. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press, http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/cjb4ukf (2004, accessed 24 February 2013)."},{"key":"bibr18-0967772014525096","unstructured":"RAF Constitution and Regulations of the WRAF Booklet, London, 1918;14."},{"key":"bibr19-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Bourke J. Women and the medical services in World War One.\n                      Women, War & Society 1914-1918\n                      , http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/cdu2bbx (accessed 24 March 2012)."},{"key":"bibr20-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Imperial War Museum Archives, JDLDF10."},{"key":"bibr21-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Imperial War Museum Archives, JLDF3."},{"key":"bibr22-0967772014525096","unstructured":"Welcome Library Archives SA\/MWF\/C.164."},{"key":"bibr23-0967772014525096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swenson K. 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