{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:44:12Z","timestamp":1777855452098,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When can a man be declared \u2018really dead\u2019? Being able to determine whether an individual\u2019s life has ended or not implies two important considerations, whether we can resuscitate him and avoid premature burial, the fear of which is termed \u2018taphophobia\u2019. By the end of the 18th century, several scientists were involved in the study of apparent death and resuscitation. Pietro Manni was an obstetrician who, affected by his brother\u2019s death and his inability to help him, devoted himself to the study of apparent death, which became his aim in life. His Practical handbook for the care of the apparently dead is a detailed essay on resuscitation with a precise arrangement of topics \u2013 ventilation, tracheostomy, electricity and asphyxia in newborns \u2013 organised into chapters and paragraphs that resemble current texts on resuscitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772014532887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,24]],"date-time":"2014-05-24T00:56:15Z","timestamp":1400892975000},"page":"350-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pietro Manni (1778\u20131839) and the care of the apparently dead in the Age of Positivism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Cascella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute \u2018G Pascale\u2019 Foundation of Naples, Via Mariano Semmola, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772014532887","volume-title":"A history of man\u2019s obsession and fears","author":"Wilkins R","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr2-0967772014532887","first-page":"819","volume":"2","author":"Norman A","year":"1877","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr3-0967772014532887","first-page":"110","author":"Morselli E","year":"1891","journal-title":"Bollettino della Regia Accademia delle Scienze Mediche di Genova"},{"key":"bibr4-0967772014532887","unstructured":"Quiley C.\n                      The corpe: a history\n                      . Jefferson: Mc Farland, 1996, p.185."},{"key":"bibr5-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Quaestio medico-chirurgica. An mortis incertae signa minus incerta a chirurgicis, quam ab aliis experimentis?","author":"Winslow JB","year":"1740"},{"key":"bibr6-0967772014532887","unstructured":"Curry J.\n                      Observations on apparent death from drowning, hanging, suffocation by noxious vapours fits intoxication exposure to cold etc, and an account of the means to be employed for recovery to which are added the treatment proper in cases of poison with caution and suggestion respecting various circumstances of sudden danger an account of the means to be employed for recovery.\n                      London: Cox and Son, 1815."},{"key":"bibr7-0967772014532887","unstructured":"The term \u2018apparent death\u2019 was considered synonymous with asphyxia in its etymological meaning: from the Greek \u03b1\u03c3\u03d5\u03c5\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u2018no pulse, no heartbeat\u2019. Therefore, the \u2018apparently dead\u2019 was the patient in whom for different causes the simultaneous cessation of all functions occurred. The asphyxiated, according to Manni, is \u2018at physical examination very similar to a dead person and can only be distinguished on the basis of criteria which are still largely unknown\u2019."},{"key":"bibr8-0967772014532887","volume-title":"An account of some societies at Amsterdam and Hamburg for the recovery of drowned person, and of similar institution at Venice, Milan, Padua, Vienna and Paris with a collection on authentic cases. Bower and Nichols,","author":"Johnson A","year":"1773"},{"key":"bibr9-0967772014532887","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter J. Proposals for the recovery of people apparently drowned.\n                      Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London\n                      1776; 66.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1776.0025"},{"key":"bibr10-0967772014532887","volume-title":"An essay on the recovery of the apparently dead","author":"Kite C","year":"1788"},{"key":"bibr11-0967772014532887","unstructured":"Gnoli C.\n                      Breve commentario della vita e delle opere mediche del cavaliere professore Pietro Manni letto alla Societ\u00e0 medico-chirurgica di Bologna nella seduta anniversaria il giorno 22 luglio 1839 dal socio residente dottor Cesare Gnoli.\n                      Bologna: Nobili, 1839."},{"key":"bibr12-0967772014532887","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Bullettino delle scienze mediche pubblicato per cura della societ\u00e0 medico Chirurgica di Bologna","author":"Gnoli C","year":"1839"},{"key":"bibr13-0967772014532887","unstructured":"Born in Loreto 1756, Francesco Asdrubali studied medicine in Rome and early on showed an interest in obstetrics. At that time, the obstetric Academic Teaching in Rome was very poor, and it was not until the pontificate of Pius VI that it was decided to establish a Chair of Obstetrics independent from Surgery. On assignment from the Holy See, Asdrubali was sent to Paris, where, from 1784 to 1786, he worked under the tutoring of Alphonse Le-Roy and Jean-Louis Baudelocque. Returning to Rome, he obtained the Obstetric Chair in the \u2018Archiginnasio della Sapienza\u2019 established in 1786. He died in Rome on 7 July 1832."},{"key":"bibr14-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Del trattamento degli annegati istruzione alla medica giovent\u00f9 e ad ogni culto cittadino","author":"Manni P","year":"1826"},{"key":"bibr15-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Del trattamento degli annegati istruzione alla medica giovent\u00f9 e ad ogni culto cittadino","author":"Manni P","year":"1826"},{"key":"bibr16-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Manuale pratico per la cura degli apparentemente morti premessevi alcune idee generali di polizia medica per la tutela della vita negli asfittici","author":"Manni P","year":"1833"},{"key":"bibr17-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Manuale pratico per la cura degli apparentemente morti premessevi alcune idee generali di polizia medica per la tutela della vita negli asfittici","author":"Manni P","year":"1834"},{"key":"bibr18-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Delle malattie periodiche e principalmente delle periodiche febbrili e principalmente delle periodiche febbrili e della virt\u00f9 che hanno la china ed alcuni preparati della medesima per debellarli","author":"Manni P","year":"1830"},{"key":"bibr19-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Delle malattie periodiche e principalmente delle periodiche febbrili: saggio di un esame critico istituito nel 1830 a Roma","author":"Manni P","year":"1837"},{"key":"bibr20-0967772014532887","unstructured":"Malte-Brun M.\n                      Annales des voyages, de la g\u00e9ographie et de l'histoire: ou Collection des voyages nouveaux les plus estim\u00e9s, traduits de toutes les langues europ\u00e9ennes; des relations originales, in\u00e9dites, communiqu\u00e9es par des voyageurs fran\u00e7aise et \u00e9trangers; et des m\u00e9moires historiques sur l'origine, la langue, les moeurs et les arts des peuples, ainsi que sur le climat, les productions et le commerce des pays jusqu'ici peu ou mal connus: accompagn\u00e9e d'un bulletin o\u00f9 l'on annonce toutes les d\u00e9couvertes, recherches et entreprises qui tendent \u00e0 acc\u00e8l\u00e8rer les progr\u00e8s des sciences historiques, sp\u00e9cialement de la go\u00e9graphie, et o\u00f9 l'on donne des nouvelles des voyageurs et des extraits de leur correspondence.\n                      Paris: Buisson, 1809, Tomo IV, pp.64\u201365."},{"key":"bibr21-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Versuch uber die kunst, scheintodte zu beleben und uber die rettung in schnellen todesgefahren","author":"Struve CA","year":"1797"},{"key":"bibr22-0967772014532887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.865535"},{"key":"bibr23-0967772014532887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780367805258"},{"key":"bibr24-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Annual report 1794","author":"Transactions of the Royal Humane Society","year":"1794"},{"key":"bibr25-0967772014532887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6154.1770"},{"key":"bibr26-0967772014532887","unstructured":"Manni P.\n                      Intorno alla Sicilia. Lettera del prof. Pietro Manni ad un illustre suo amico in Roma. In: Giornale araldico di scienza, lettera ed arti.\n                      Roma: Tipografia Delle Belle Arti 1834\/183, Tomo LXV, p.57."},{"key":"bibr27-0967772014532887","unstructured":"Appendix II. Papers relating to Carlo Lasinio\u2019s involvment in the export of works of art in the Archivio della Soprintendenza Firenze, Documento 10, Fila LVI, p.I, ins.34, p.145. Also in Levi D.\n                      Carlo Lasinio, curator, collector and dealer. The Burlington Magazine (London)\n                      1993;135:133\u2013148."},{"key":"bibr28-0967772014532887","volume-title":"Di un busto colossale in marmo di Caio Cilnio Mecenate scoperto e posseduto dal cavaliere Pietro Manni professore di medicina nella Universit\u00e0 di Roma","author":"Visconti PE","year":"1837"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772014532887","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0967772014532887","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772014532887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:25:05Z","timestamp":1777505105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0967772014532887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0967772014532887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967772014532887","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]}}}