{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:44:14Z","timestamp":1777855454814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>James Hill was apprenticed to the formidable Edinburgh surgeon, physician and philosopher George Young from whom he learned the value of careful observation and scepticism in medicine. As a surgeon in Dumfries he was able to take advantage of newly established medical journals to publish case reports. His book Cases in Surgery summarised three aspects of his life\u2019s work as a surgeon. In it he provides a classical description of the features and transmission of sibbens (endemic syphilis) and suggests from careful clinical observation that sibbens and venereal syphilis were the same disease. His success with treatment of cancer led him to advocate curative rather than palliative excision, a view that ran counter to accepted contemporary practice. Hill\u2019s ability to diagnose cerebral compression caused by bleeding following head injury enabled him to treat this successfully by directed trephine and drainage. His results on the treatment of head injury were the best to be published in their day and an important addition to the increasing understanding of the basis of the management of head injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772014532898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T22:59:52Z","timestamp":1415833192000},"page":"459-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The life and work of the Dumfries surgeon James Hill (1703\u20131776): his contributions to the management of cancer and of head injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Iain","family":"Macintyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Scott H, Lamb JA and Macdonald DF. Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae: the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the Reformation. In: Medieval and early modern sources online. Searchable text ed. Burlington: Tanner Ritchie Publishing in collaboration with the Library and Information Services of the University of St Andrews, 2011."},{"key":"bibr2-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Scotland\u2019s People. OPR Marriage record. Dumfries. 1701. GROS 821\/00 0040 0143."},{"key":"bibr3-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Scotland\u2019s People OPR Birth and baptism record. Kirkliston. 1703. GROS 667\/00 0010 0163."},{"key":"bibr4-0967772014532898","volume-title":"Eighteenth century medics: subscriptions, licenses, apprenticeships","author":"Wallis PJ","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr5-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2012.415"},{"key":"bibr6-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Young G. Lectures on medicine 1730\u201331. In: Library, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh."},{"key":"bibr7-0967772014532898","volume-title":"Robert Whytt, the soul, and medicine","author":"French RK","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr8-0967772014532898","volume-title":"The dictionary of eighteenth-century British philosophers","author":"Yolton JW","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr9-0967772014532898","volume-title":"The literary history of Galloway","author":"Murray T","year":"1832","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr10-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3366\/edinburgh\/9780748615674.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr11-0967772014532898","volume-title":"List of the graduates in medicine in the University of Edinburgh from MDCCV to MDCCCLXVI","author":"University of Edinburgh","year":"1867"},{"key":"bibr12-0967772014532898","volume-title":"The University of Edinburgh: an illustrated history","author":"Anderson RD","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr13-0967772014532898","volume-title":"Medical teaching in Edinburgh during the 18th and 19th centuries","author":"Kaufman MH","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr14-0967772014532898","volume-title":"Cases in surgery, particularly of cancers, and disorders of the head from external violence. With observations. To which is added an account of the Sibbens","author":"Hill J","year":"1772"},{"key":"bibr15-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Minutes Incorporation of Surgeons of Edinburgh. 2 March 1723."},{"key":"bibr16-0967772014532898","volume-title":"The story of the University of Edinburgh during its first three hundred years","author":"Grant A","year":"1884"},{"key":"bibr17-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Turner AL.\n                      Story of a great hospital: the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh\n                      , 1729\u20131929. Oliver and Boyd: Edinburgh, 1937."},{"key":"bibr18-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Hill J. Cases in surgery particularly, of cancers, and disorders of the head from external violence. With observations. To which is added an account of the Sibbens. p85. Edinburgh: printed for John Balfour, 1772."},{"key":"bibr19-0967772014532898","volume-title":"The naval surgeon: comprising the entire duties of professional men at sea; to which are subjoined, a system of naval surgery and a compendious pharmacopoeia","author":"Turnbull W","year":"1806"},{"key":"bibr20-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Scotland's People. OPR Marriage Record. Dumfries. 1733. GROS 821\/00 0040 0197."},{"key":"bibr21-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Dumfries Archive Centre. Sasine to William Thomson and Jean Johnstone. 19 March 1748."},{"key":"bibr22-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Royal Burgh of Dumfries Council Minutes 1725-1775. In: Dumfries Archive Centre."},{"key":"bibr23-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Kyd JG and Webster A. Scottish population statistics, including Webster's Analysis of population, 1755. Edinburgh: Printed by T. and A. Constable, 1952."},{"key":"bibr24-0967772014532898","volume-title":"A system of surgery","author":"Bell B","year":"1783"},{"key":"bibr25-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2011.211"},{"key":"bibr26-0967772014532898","volume-title":"The Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783\u20131983): the first two hundred years","author":"Campbell N","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr27-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Medical essays and observations published by a society in Edinburgh, in six volumes; abridged and disposed under general heads, in two volumes. London. Philosophical Society of Edinburgh. Printed for C Hitch at the Red Lion, and T. Astley at the Rose in Paternoster Row, 1746."},{"key":"bibr28-0967772014532898","first-page":"38","volume":"3","author":"Hill J","year":"1747","journal-title":"Medical Essays and Observations"},{"key":"bibr29-0967772014532898","volume-title":"Gilchrist, Ebenezer (bap","author":"Loudon J","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr30-0967772014532898","first-page":"303","volume":"2","author":"Hill J","year":"1774","journal-title":"Medical and Philosophical Commentaries"},{"key":"bibr31-0967772014532898","first-page":"192","volume":"2","author":"Hill J","year":"1774","journal-title":"Medical and Philosophical Commentaries"},{"key":"bibr32-0967772014532898","first-page":"88","volume":"4","author":"Hill J","year":"1776","journal-title":"Medical and Philosophical Commentaries"},{"key":"bibr33-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300045749"},{"key":"bibr34-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300012515"},{"key":"bibr35-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1991.tb04215.x"},{"key":"bibr36-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1991.tb04626.x"},{"key":"bibr37-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01513-1"},{"key":"bibr38-0967772014532898","volume-title":"An etymological dictionary of the Scottish language","author":"Jamieson J","year":"1808"},{"key":"bibr39-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Freer A.\n                      De syphilide venerea; nec non de morbo sibbens dicto Quam, annuente summo numine\n                      . MD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1767."},{"key":"bibr40-0967772014532898","volume-title":"A treatise on gonorrhoea virulenta and lues venerea","author":"Bell B","year":"1793"},{"key":"bibr41-0967772014532898","first-page":"287","volume":"1","author":"Hibbert S","year":"1826","journal-title":"Edinburgh Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"bibr42-0967772014532898","volume-title":"Observations on morbid poisons, chronic & acute\u2026 2nd ed, illustrated with coloured engravings, and further commentaries on the doctrines of Mr. Hunter","author":"Adams J","year":"1807"},{"key":"bibr43-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Hill J. Cases in surgery particularly, of cancers, and disorders of the head from external violence. With observations. To which is added an account of the Sibbens. p 254, Edinburgh: printed for John Balfour, 1772."},{"key":"bibr44-0967772014532898","first-page":"154","volume":"3","author":"Gilchrist E","year":"1771","journal-title":"Essays and Observations Physical and Literary"},{"key":"bibr45-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Sharp S.\n                      A treatise on the operations of surgery, with a description and representation of the instruments used in performing them: to which is prefix'd an introduction on the nature and treatment of wounds, abscesses and ulcers\n                      . London: Printed and sold by J Brotherton, W Innys, J and P Knapton, T Longman, 1740."},{"key":"bibr46-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Le Dran H-F. The operations in surgery of Mons. Le Dran,\u2026 Translated by Thomas Gataker, surgeon. With remarks, plates of the operations, and a sett of instruments, by William Cheselden. London: printed for C Hitch and R Dodsley, 1749."},{"key":"bibr47-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.12.JNS121264"},{"key":"bibr48-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000429851.45073.a8"},{"key":"bibr49-0967772014532898","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-182808000-00015"},{"key":"bibr50-0967772014532898","volume-title":"The principles of surgery, in two volumes","author":"Bell J"},{"key":"bibr51-0967772014532898","volume-title":"Surgical observations on injuries of the head, and on miscellaneous subjects","author":"Abernethy J","year":"1815","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr52-0967772014532898","volume-title":"Guy\u2019s Hospital Reports","author":"Jacobsen WHA","year":"1886"},{"key":"bibr53-0967772014532898","unstructured":"Scotland's People. OPR death record. Dumfries. 1776. GROS 821\/00 0070 0112."},{"key":"bibr54-0967772014532898","first-page":"413","volume":"35","author":"Smollett T","year":"1773","journal-title":"The Critical Review or Annals of Literature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772014532898","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0967772014532898","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772014532898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:25:08Z","timestamp":1777505108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0967772014532898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0967772014532898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967772014532898","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]}}}