{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:44:33Z","timestamp":1777855473815,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Harry Hopkins was the most important nontitled allied leader in World War II. He was the advisor to President Roosevelt who managed the diplomacy between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin from 1941 to 1946. Throughout these times, Hopkins was ill and required transfusions, admissions to the hospital, and nutritional supplementation to keep him well enough to travel the world and manage the allied war diplomacy. There has been no unifying theory to account for all his symptoms and his reported pathologic and autopsy findings. In this paper, we will review his political and medical history and a differential diagnosis of his illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772015588646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T20:57:54Z","timestamp":1466801874000},"page":"49-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The life, times, and health care of Harry L Hopkins: Presidential advisor and perpetual patient"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Theodore N","family":"Pappas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Duke University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Athens Regional Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood RE.\n                      Roosevelt and Hopkins: An intimate history\n                      . New York, NY: Grosset and Dunlap, 1948, p. 16 (https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/rooseveltandhopk006306\\mbp#page\/n3\/mode\/2up)."},{"key":"bibr2-0967772015588646","first-page":"23","volume":"86","author":"Halsted JA","year":"1975","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association"},{"key":"bibr3-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood pp. 80, 83."},{"key":"bibr4-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins H. WPA Head Visits Clinic for Checkup.\n                      Chicago Tribune\n                      , 12 Dec 1937, p. 25."},{"key":"bibr5-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02998930"},{"key":"bibr6-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)34324-0","volume":"51","author":"Boles RS","year":"1966","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"bibr7-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1915.02570460001001"},{"key":"bibr8-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1935.00160200101007"},{"key":"bibr9-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4590.1091"},{"key":"bibr10-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194512260-00008"},{"key":"bibr11-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90929-4"},{"key":"bibr12-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins operated on.\n                      New York Times\n                      Dec 21\n                      st\n                      , 1937, p. 14."},{"key":"bibr13-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins\u2019 progress satisfactory after operation at Mayo\u2019s.\n                      Chicago Tribune\n                      , 22 Dec 1937, p. 5."},{"key":"bibr14-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p 95."},{"key":"bibr15-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.4.478"},{"key":"bibr16-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins Leaves Clinic.\n                      The Washington Post\n                      , 16 Jan 1938, p. 8."},{"key":"bibr17-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Harry Hopkins Regaining Strength in Florida Sun.\n                      Chicago Daily Tribune\n                      , 17 Feb 1938, p. 16."},{"key":"bibr18-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Harry L Hopkins to Join James Roosevelt at Mayo\u2019s.\n                      Chicago Tribune\n                      , 26 June 1938, p. 10."},{"key":"bibr19-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Olson S. Hopkins Sworn At White House, \u2018Very Happy\u2019.\n                      The Washington Post\n                      , 25 Dec 1938, p. 2."},{"key":"bibr20-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 113."},{"key":"bibr21-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruben RJ. Dr Ross McIntire, otolaryngologist, and his care of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.\n                      Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery\n                      2009; 141: pp. 4\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.02.005"},{"key":"bibr22-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 114."},{"key":"bibr23-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, pp. 118\u2013119."},{"key":"bibr24-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 119."},{"key":"bibr25-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins in Chicago on Way to Mayo Clinic.\n                      The Washington Post\n                      , 24 Aug 1939, p. 2."},{"key":"bibr26-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins goes to clinic.\n                      New York Times\n                      , 24 Aug 1939, p. 16."},{"key":"bibr27-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Harry Hopkins to Remain Week Longer in Mayo Clinic.\n                      Chicago Daily Tribune\n                      , 31 Aug 1939, p. 11."},{"key":"bibr28-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 120."},{"key":"bibr29-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(49)80047-3"},{"key":"bibr30-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins in Chicago on Way to Capital from Mayo Clinic.\n                      Chicago Daily Tribune\n                      , 15 Sept 1939, p. 24."},{"key":"bibr31-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, pp. 121\u2013122."},{"key":"bibr32-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 139."},{"key":"bibr33-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 231."},{"key":"bibr34-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:osobl\/9780199891955.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr35-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 234."},{"key":"bibr36-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 280."},{"key":"bibr37-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 323."},{"key":"bibr38-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, pp. 144\u2013145."},{"key":"bibr39-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Kluchhohn FL. Hopkins Rushed to Navy Hospital When President\u2019s Train Arrives.\n                      New York Times\n                      , 6 Nov 1941, p. 1."},{"key":"bibr40-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 164."},{"key":"bibr41-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, pp. 477\u2013478."},{"key":"bibr42-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 517."},{"key":"bibr43-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll p 193."},{"key":"bibr44-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, pp. 531\u2013532."},{"key":"bibr45-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 205."},{"key":"bibr46-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 219."},{"key":"bibr47-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 296."},{"key":"bibr48-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 308."},{"key":"bibr49-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 334."},{"key":"bibr50-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins at White Sulphur.\n                      New York Times\n                      , 16 May 1944, p. 13."},{"key":"bibr51-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 340."},{"key":"bibr52-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins is Back in the White House; Ill Six Months.\n                      Chicago Tribune\n                      , 7 July 1944, p. 11."},{"key":"bibr53-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 357."},{"key":"bibr54-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 848."},{"key":"bibr55-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 363."},{"key":"bibr56-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 378."},{"key":"bibr57-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hopkins Flown to Mayo Clinic for Checkup.\n                      Chicago Tribune\n                      , 1 March 1945, p. 1."},{"key":"bibr58-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Roll, p. 383."},{"key":"bibr59-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 874."},{"key":"bibr60-0967772015588646","unstructured":"President Sends Hopkins to Stalin.\n                      New York Times\n                      , 24 May 1945, p. 1."},{"key":"bibr61-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Hulen BD. Hopkins Resigns as Adviser of Truman Because of Health.\n                      New York Times\n                      , 4 July 1945, p. 1."},{"key":"bibr62-0967772015588646","unstructured":"Sherwood, p. 928."},{"key":"bibr63-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins, 55, Dies in Hospital Here.\n                      New York Times\n                      , 30 Jan 1946, p. 1.","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.3730300131"},{"key":"bibr64-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193207142070202"},{"key":"bibr65-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195708082570603"},{"key":"bibr66-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02999005"},{"key":"bibr67-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4900.1318"},{"key":"bibr68-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000116768"},{"key":"bibr69-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1953.tb05586.x"},{"key":"bibr70-0967772015588646","first-page":"1344","volume":"41","author":"Bayless TM","year":"1962","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"bibr71-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4706.546"},{"key":"bibr72-0967772015588646","first-page":"365","volume":"57","author":"Harkins HN","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of the National Medical Association"},{"key":"bibr73-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1932.02740680019005"},{"key":"bibr74-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-7-172"},{"key":"bibr75-0967772015588646","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/NW2BK1DXB0EQG55H"},{"key":"bibr76-0967772015588646","first-page":"382","volume":"18","author":"Whipple GH","year":"1907","journal-title":"Bulletin of the John Hopkins Hospital"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772015588646","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0967772015588646","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772015588646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:25:19Z","timestamp":1777505119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0967772015588646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0967772015588646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967772015588646","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]}}}