{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:44:35Z","timestamp":1777855475888,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thomas Keith, an Edinburgh surgeon, was an early and successful exponent of the operation of ovariotomy (ovarian cystectomy). He published detailed accounts of all of the patients on whom he carried out this procedure and his published success rate proved to be amongst the best in the world. The leading American surgeon J Marion Sims, who visited Keith to determine the reasons for this success, concluded that Keith\u2019s achievement resulted from meticulous attention to detail and his emphasis on the cleanliness of the instruments and the operating field, before this was generally adopted. His friendship with Joseph Lister led to his early use of Listerian antisepsis, which further improved these results. Yet, his medical colleagues and his obituarists seemed unaware of his other significant pioneering contribution, as a gifted photographer and pioneer of the waxed paper technique of photographic processing. That same attention to detail resulted in photographs of the highest quality whose significance has since been appreciated by photographic historians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772017702320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T14:13:15Z","timestamp":1507039995000},"page":"115-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A pioneer in two worlds: Thomas Keith (1827\u20131895) photographer and surgeon"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Iain","family":"Macintyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"President, British Society for the History of Medicine, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Ritchie LA. Keith, Alexander (1792\u20131880),\n                      Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\n                      , Oxford University Press, 2004; http:\/\/www.oxforddnb.com\/view\/article\/15262 (accessed 2 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr2-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Keith A.\n                      Evidence of the truth of the Christian religion derived from the literal fulfilment of prophecy\n                      . 1st ed. Edinburgh: Waugh and Innes, 1823."},{"key":"bibr3-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Morrison-Low AD. Brewster, Sir David (1781\u20131868),\n                      Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,\n                      Oxford University Press, 2004; http:\/\/www.oxforddnb.com\/view\/article\/3371 (accessed 2 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr4-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Hannavy J. The Keith family and photography. In:\n                      The Victorian photographs of Dr. Thomas Keith and John Forbes White.\n                      Great Cheverell: John Hannavy, 2015, pp. 17\u201334."},{"key":"bibr5-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Keith GS.\n                      Tracts on weights, measures, and coins viz. I. synopsis of a system of equalization of weights and measures of Great Britain\u2009\u2026\u2009VI. remarks on Dr Rotheram's Observations on the proposed plan for equalizing all our weights and measures.\n                      London, Edinburgh: J. Murray: Cornelius Elliot, 1791."},{"key":"bibr6-0967772017702320","volume-title":"George Skene Keith (1752\u20131823). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography","author":"Porter B","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr7-0967772017702320","first-page":"1003","author":"Obituary","year":"1895","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr8-0967772017702320","first-page":"1048","volume":"35","author":"Peddie A","year":"1890","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr9-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Thomas Keith's Scotland: The work of a Victorian amateur photographer 1852\u201357","author":"Hannavy J","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr10-0967772017702320","first-page":"484","volume":"41","author":"Obituary","year":"1895","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr11-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2560.237-a"},{"key":"bibr12-0967772017702320","first-page":"275","volume":"1","author":"Obituary","year":"1910","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr13-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Plea for a simpler life","author":"Keith GS","year":"1895"},{"key":"bibr14-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Fads of an old physician. A sequel to \u2018Plea for a simpler life'","author":"Keith GS","year":"1897"},{"key":"bibr15-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Daguerre LJM.\n                      Historique et description des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s du daguerr\u00e9otype et du diorama.\n                      English edition. London: McLean & Nutt, 1839."},{"key":"bibr16-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Fox Talbot: An illustrated life of William Henry Fox Talbot, \u2018Father of modern photography', 1800\u20131877","author":"Hannavy J","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr17-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Printed light: The scientific art of William Henry Fox Talbot and David Octavius Hill with Robert Adamson","author":"Ward J","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr18-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Scottish photography: The first thirty years","author":"Stevenson S","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr19-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Hannavy J. The Victorian photographs of Dr. Thomas Keith and John Forbes White, Great Cheverell: John Hannavy, 2015, pp. 37\u201390."},{"key":"bibr20-0967772017702320","first-page":"101","volume":"1","author":"Keith T","year":"1856","journal-title":"Photographic Notes"},{"key":"bibr21-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1020.109"},{"key":"bibr22-0967772017702320","first-page":"242","volume":"7","author":"McDowell E","year":"1817","journal-title":"Eclectic Repertory and Analytical Review"},{"key":"bibr23-0967772017702320","first-page":"546","volume":"9","author":"McDowell E","year":"1819","journal-title":"Eclectic Repertory and Analytical Review"},{"key":"bibr24-0967772017702320","first-page":"247","volume":"22","author":"Lizars J","year":"1824","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal"},{"key":"bibr25-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Observations on the extraction of diseased Ovaria; illustrated by plates","author":"Lizars J","year":"1825"},{"key":"bibr26-0967772017702320","first-page":"214","volume":"2","author":"Wells TS","year":"1859","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr27-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Table of cases of ovariotomy performed by Mr Spencer Wells.\n                      Lancet\n                      1862; 2: 687\u2013689.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)41687-X"},{"key":"bibr28-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Ovariotomy: Is it or is it not an operation justifiable upon the common principles of surgery? Are or are not capital operations in surgery justifiable to the extent generally practised","author":"Simpson JY","year":"1846"},{"key":"bibr29-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Is ovariotomy justifiable or not?","author":"Duncan JM","year":"1857"},{"key":"bibr30-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.929.590"},{"key":"bibr31-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)50780-7"},{"key":"bibr32-0967772017702320","first-page":"530","volume":"8","author":"Keith T","year":"1862","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr33-0967772017702320","first-page":"897","volume":"8","author":"Keith T","year":"1863","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr34-0967772017702320","first-page":"299","volume":"8","author":"Keith T","year":"1863","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr35-0967772017702320","first-page":"139","volume":"10","author":"Keith T","year":"1864","journal-title":"Edinburgh Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr36-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)51687-1"},{"key":"bibr37-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)61797-0"},{"key":"bibr38-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)55773-1"},{"key":"bibr39-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)69829-0"},{"key":"bibr40-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)49941-2"},{"key":"bibr41-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Ovariotomy.\n                      British Medical Journal\n                      1880; 1: 931\u2013932."},{"key":"bibr42-0967772017702320","first-page":"290","volume":"13","author":"Sims JM","year":"1880","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children"},{"key":"bibr43-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Thomas Keith and ovariotomy","author":"Sims JM","year":"1880"},{"key":"bibr44-0967772017702320","unstructured":"Obituary. Thomas Keith.\n                      Scotsman\n                      10\n                      th\n                      October 1895."},{"key":"bibr45-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1257.214"},{"key":"bibr46-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1406.1257"},{"key":"bibr47-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1484.1281"},{"key":"bibr48-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Lord Lister: A life","author":"Godlee RJ","year":"1917"},{"key":"bibr49-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1572.337"},{"key":"bibr50-0967772017702320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1567.58"},{"key":"bibr51-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Contributions to the surgical treatment of tumours of the abdomen; part II. Electricity in the treatment of uterine tumours","author":"Keith T","year":"1889"},{"key":"bibr52-0967772017702320","volume-title":"Text book of abdominal surgery; a clinical manual for practitioners and students","author":"Keith S","year":"1894"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772017702320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0967772017702320","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772017702320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:25:31Z","timestamp":1777505131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0967772017702320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0967772017702320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967772017702320","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]}}}