{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:44:49Z","timestamp":1777855489004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Francis I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology is internationally recognized for its research in the fields of ocular inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the name of one of its founders, Francis I. Proctor, MD (1864\u20131936) is memorialized, the legacy of his wife, Elizabeth C. Proctor (1882\u20131975) is not as well known. They were both full partners in this endeavor. Francis, a successful and wealthy ophthalmologist, retired to Santa Fe, New Mexico. After their marriage, they became interested in the problem of blinding trachoma, then an endemic problem on the Native American Indian reservations. The couple selected Phillips Thygeson, MD (1903\u20132002), a young ophthalmologist with an interest in infectious diseases, as their lead investigator. Using their own funds, the Proctors paid for Thygeson and themselves to study trachoma in Egypt, and then establish a trachoma research laboratory in Arizona where the causative agent of trachoma was identified. Not only did the Proctors fund these studies, they also studied bacteriology so they could help in the laboratory themselves. After Francis\u2019 death, Elizabeth endowed the Foundation in 1947 and continued to support it. She also established the Proctor Medal for The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772017727478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T05:36:13Z","timestamp":1516944973000},"page":"135-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Francis I. Proctor, MD and his wife Elizabeth C. Proctor: Their lives and legacy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"George M","family":"Bohigian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and the Center for History Of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Feibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and the Center for History Of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772017727478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00138-0"},{"key":"bibr2-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Dr. F. I. Proctor, Noted Oculist, taken by death.\n                      Chicago Daily Tribune\n                      (Chicago, Illinois), July 9, 1936."},{"key":"bibr3-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Dr. Francis Proctor is dead at Chicago.\n                      Boston Daily Globe\n                      (Boston, Massachusetts), July 9, 1936."},{"key":"bibr4-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Hughes S. Phillips Thygeson, MD, ophthalmology oral history series. A link with our past, an oral history conducted in 1987 by Sally Smith Hughes, Regional Oral History Office, University of California, Berkeley in cooperation with The Foundation of the American Academy of Ophthalmology."},{"key":"bibr5-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Miss Baker A Bride.\n                      The Sun, Baltimore\n                      (Baltimore, Maryland), May 19, 1907."},{"key":"bibr6-0967772017727478","unstructured":"To Divorce Mr. Ritchie.\n                      The Sun, Baltimore\n                      (Baltimore, Maryland), June 27, 1916."},{"key":"bibr7-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Mrs. E. B. Ritchie Wed\n                      . The New York Times\n                      (New York, New York)\n                      ,\n                      November 29, 1928."},{"key":"bibr8-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Ritchie\u2019s Former Wife Weds Again.\n                      The Sun, Baltimore\n                      (Baltimore, Maryland), November 29, 1928."},{"key":"bibr9-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Dr. Proctor and Mrs. Ritchie Wed.\n                      Boston Daily Globe\n                      (Boston, Massachusetts), November 29, 1928."},{"key":"bibr10-0967772017727478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feibel RM. Fred Loe, MD, and the history of trachoma.\n                      Arch Ophthalmol\n                      2011; 129: 503\u2013508.","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.64"},{"key":"bibr11-0967772017727478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor GR. Obituary. Phillips Thygeson, MD.\n                      Am J Ophthalmol\n                      2002; 134; 938.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01884-6"},{"key":"bibr12-0967772017727478","volume-title":"Seeking the light. The lives of Phillips and Ruth Lee Thygeson, pioneers in the prevention of blindness","author":"Strong BE","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr13-0967772017727478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306527"},{"key":"bibr14-0967772017727478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacCallan M. Arthur Ferguson MacCallan CBE, MD, FRCS (1872-1955), trachoma pioneer and the ophthalmic campaign in Egypt 1903-1923.\n                      J Med Biogr\n                      . 2016 Jun 17. pii: 0967772016643540.","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772016643540"},{"key":"bibr15-0967772017727478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(35)93320-7"},{"key":"bibr16-0967772017727478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(13)00543-6"},{"key":"bibr17-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Yu K. Naturalizing a \u201cForeign Menace\u201d: trachoma, the geography of disease, and public health in America, 1897-1938. Yale University, History of Science, Medicine, and Public Health, April 3, 2017. E-pub accessed on July 28, 2017 http:\/\/hshm.yale.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/Yu%2C%20Kathlee n%20-%20Senior%20essay.pdf."},{"key":"bibr18-0967772017727478","unstructured":"Last Will and Testament of Francis I. Proctor, July 1931 (Courtesy of Thomas Lietman, MD)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772017727478","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0967772017727478","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772017727478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:25:40Z","timestamp":1777505140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0967772017727478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0967772017727478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967772017727478","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]]}}}