{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:44:26Z","timestamp":1777855466248,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hans Emmanuel Enoch (1896\u20131991) was born in Hamburg, the son of a manufacturer of sera and vaccines. Upon his father\u2019s death, he took charge of the Hamburg Serum Werke. Following the rise of Hitler, he came to be pilloried in the Nazi press for allegedly having poisoned the population of Hamburg and was imprisoned for a time. He immigrated to England in 1935 where he had secured a position with the International Serum Company in Norwich. Following the outbreak of war, he was interned as an enemy alien, eventually ending up in Canada. In 1941, he was permitted to return to England, but wartime conditions prevented him from continuing to manufacture sera. At about this time, penicillin was making the headlines, and coupled with accounts of its miraculous properties, was the news that all production was reserved exclusively for the armed forces. Enoch decided to meet the public clamour for penicillin by producing a crude version which he termed \u2018vivicillin.\u2019 News of this spread globally, and he came to incur the disdain of Howard Florey for the attendant publicity. Notwithstanding this, vivicillin was to prove itself effective and its use led to the saving of lives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772018764001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T05:21:21Z","timestamp":1520572881000},"page":"110-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hans Enoch and vivicillin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Shama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anon. Obituary H. Enoch.\n                      British Medical Journal\n                      1992; 304: 1374.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6838.1374"},{"key":"bibr2-0967772018764001","first-page":"107","volume":"27","author":"H\u00fcntelmann AC","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dynamis"},{"key":"bibr3-0967772018764001","unstructured":"This and subsequent quotations are from the diaries of Hans Enoch."},{"key":"bibr4-0967772018764001","unstructured":"Proctor RN. Racial hygiene, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1988, pp. 228\u2013228."},{"key":"bibr5-0967772018764001","volume-title":"Collar the lot","author":"Gillman P","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr6-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endeavour.2017.09.003"},{"key":"bibr7-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096777200201000312"},{"key":"bibr8-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/153380b0"},{"key":"bibr9-0967772018764001","unstructured":"Macfarlane G.\n                      Alexander Fleming: the man and the myth.\n                      Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, p.99."},{"key":"bibr10-0967772018764001","unstructured":"Howard Florey Archive, Royal Society, 98HF 36 4 98: letter to Edward Mellanby, Secretary MRC, 29 April, 1944."},{"key":"bibr11-0967772018764001","unstructured":"Howard Florey Archive, Royal Society, 98HF 247.6.3: letter to P Garrod, 17 May, 1944."},{"key":"bibr12-0967772018764001","first-page":"176","volume":"56","author":"Von Lustig-Lendva E","year":"1944","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"bibr13-0967772018764001","unstructured":"Doctor staked his own life.\n                      The Sunday Graphic\n                      , 30 April, 1944, p.5."},{"key":"bibr14-0967772018764001","unstructured":"New drug vivicillin.\n                      The Times\n                      , 29 April, 1944, p.2."},{"key":"bibr15-0967772018764001","first-page":"184","volume":"98","author":"Enoch H","year":"1944","journal-title":"Pharm J"},{"key":"bibr16-0967772018764001","unstructured":"Howard Florey Archive, Royal Society, 98HF 39 13 26: minutes of the Tenth General Penicillin Meeting, 11 May, 1944."},{"key":"bibr17-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)63186-0"},{"key":"bibr18-0967772018764001","unstructured":"Howard Florey Archive, Royal Society, 98HF 210.5.14: Anon.\n                      Vivicillin and Pennotin Therapy\n                      Undated."},{"key":"bibr19-0967772018764001","unstructured":"New molds in medicine.\n                      The New York Times\n                      , 6 February 1945, p.18."},{"key":"bibr20-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/151586a0"},{"key":"bibr21-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.54.3.305-323.1947"},{"key":"bibr22-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01667.x"},{"key":"bibr23-0967772018764001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.01.032"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772018764001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0967772018764001","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0967772018764001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:25:24Z","timestamp":1777505124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0967772018764001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0967772018764001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967772018764001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]}}}