{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:05:15Z","timestamp":1790676315779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>D\u00e9m\u00e9trius Zambaco Pasha (1832\u20131913) was an internationally renowned Ottoman-born French dermatologist of Greek origin who is considered the first leprologist of the Orient. A graduate from the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, he practised there until he returned to Istanbul in 1872 and later served as a private physician to the Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II (1842\u20131918), then Abbas Hilmi Pasha (1874\u20131944), the last Khedive of Egypt. Dr Zambaco produced numerous publications in a variety of medical subjects including leprosy, syphilis, morphinomania, eunuchs, and medical history. Leprosy, however, was his main field of scientific interest, with nearly 40 studies published and many other communications presented at international medical congresses. Due to his outstanding scientific contributions, Dr Zambaco garnered many accolades including the Cholera Medal of Honour, the Montyon Prize, and L\u00e9gion d\u2019Honneur from France as well as the honorary title of Pasha, a higher rank in the political and military system, from the Ottoman Empire.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772020936958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:20:18Z","timestamp":1594081218000},"page":"262-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Demetrius Zambaco Pasha (1832\u20131913): The first leprologist of the Orient"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8705-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halil","family":"Tekiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical History and Ethics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Karamanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of History of Medicine and Medical Deontology, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772020936958","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591577506800809"},{"key":"bibr2-0967772020936958","volume-title":"La l\u00e8pre \u00e0 travers les si\u00e8cles et les contr\u00e9es [Leprosy through the centuries and the countries]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1914"},{"key":"bibr3-0967772020936958","first-page":"189","volume":"25","author":"Balzer F.","year":"1914","journal-title":"Bull Soc fr Dermatol Syphiligr"},{"key":"bibr4-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Dim\u00edtrios Zampak\u00f3s-Pas\u00e1s: l\u00f3gos epimnim\u00f3synos [Dimitrius Zambaco Pasha: commemorative speech]","author":"Ko\u00fazis AP.","year":"1924"},{"key":"bibr5-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Notice biographique sur M. Ph. Ricord, lue \u00e0 la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Imp\u00e9riale de M\u00e9decine de Constantinople [Biographical note on M. Ph. Ricord, read at the Imperial Society of Medicine of Constantinople]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1890"},{"key":"bibr6-0967772020936958","first-page":"119","volume":"14","author":"Thibierge G.","year":"1914","journal-title":"Paris M\u00e9d"},{"key":"bibr7-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Rubens to Picasso: Four centuries of master drawings","author":"Chan V.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr8-0967772020936958","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674065567"},{"key":"bibr9-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Les Grecs, docteurs en m\u00e9decine \u00e0 la Facult\u00e9 de Paris, au XIXe si\u00e8cle [The Greeks, medical doctors at the Faculty of Paris in the 19th century]","author":"Mouthon JM.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr10-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Lettre Adress\u00e9e \u00e0 son Excellence le Docteur Zambaco Pacha [Letter addressed to his excellency Doctor Zambaco Pasha]","author":"Mavroy\u00e9ne Pacha S.","year":"1892"},{"key":"bibr11-0967772020936958","first-page":"63","volume":"2","author":"Y\u00fccelten D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dermatopatoloji Dergisi"},{"key":"bibr12-0967772020936958","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m N. The Usk\u00fcdar leprosarium.\n                      In\n                      : A history of healthcare in Istanbul. Istanbul: Ajansfa, 2010, pp.67\u201369.","DOI":"10.26650\/AB\/AA8.2022.125"},{"key":"bibr13-0967772020936958","first-page":"1437","volume":"12","author":"Unat EK.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Deri Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Frengi Ar\u015fivi"},{"key":"bibr14-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Les l\u00e9preux ambulants de Constantinople [The ambulant persons with leprosy of Constantinople]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1897"},{"key":"bibr15-0967772020936958","volume-title":"La contagion de la l\u00e8pre en l\u2019\u00e9tat de la science [The contagion of leprosy in the state of science]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1907"},{"key":"bibr16-0967772020936958","first-page":"105","volume":"14","author":"Anonymous","year":"1914","journal-title":"Paris M\u00e9d"},{"key":"bibr17-0967772020936958","first-page":"183","author":"Ap\u00e9ry P.","year":"1913","journal-title":"Revue M\u00e9d-Pharm"},{"key":"bibr18-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Les monuments m\u00e9galithiques de l\u2019Armorique et leurs sculptures lapidaires [The megalithic monuments of Armorica and their lapidary sculptures]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1902"},{"key":"bibr19-0967772020936958","unstructured":"Anonymous. Prix Zambaco [Zambaco prize].\n                      In\n                      : Bull Soc fr dermatol syphiligr. Paris: Masson, 1898, p.460."},{"key":"bibr20-0967772020936958","first-page":"887","volume":"22","author":"Anonymous","year":"1905","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bibr21-0967772020936958","unstructured":"OARTPSA (The Ottoman Archives of the Republic of Turkey\u2019s Presidential State Archives). HR.SFR.3 no: 473\/43. 18 June 1898 AD."},{"key":"bibr22-0967772020936958","first-page":"131","volume":"57","author":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Imp\u00e9riale de M\u00e9decine. Prix","year":"1912","journal-title":"Gazette M\u00e9dical d\u2019Orient"},{"key":"bibr23-0967772020936958","first-page":"84","volume":"2","author":"Atabek E.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Histoire des Sciences M\u00e9dicales"},{"key":"bibr24-0967772020936958","unstructured":"K\u00f6\u015fl\u00fc A. Zambaco Pa\u015fa.\n                      In\n                      : T\u00fcrk deri hastaliklari ve frengi bibliyografyasi, 1876-1976 [Bibliography on skin diseases and syphilis in Turkey, 1876-1976]. Istanbul: Hilal Matbaas\u0131, 1976, pp.311\u2013313."},{"key":"bibr25-0967772020936958","first-page":"161","author":"Zambaco DA","year":"1854","journal-title":"Bulletin Th\u00e9rapeutique"},{"key":"bibr26-0967772020936958","unstructured":"OARTPSA. BEO. no: 2423\/181704. 26 receb 1322 AH [6 October 1904 AD]."},{"key":"bibr27-0967772020936958","first-page":"169","volume-title":"The imagination of the body and the history of bodily experience","author":"G\u00fcnergun F.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr28-0967772020936958","volume-title":"L\u2019H\u00e9r\u00e9dit\u00e9 de la l\u00e8pre [The inheritance of leprosy]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1908"},{"key":"bibr29-0967772020936958","first-page":"35","volume":"33","author":"Von D\u00fcring E.","year":"1890","journal-title":"Gazette M\u00e9dicale d\u2019Orient"},{"key":"bibr30-0967772020936958","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01938917"},{"key":"bibr31-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Voyages chez les l\u00e9preux (L\u2019\u00c9gypte, la Palestine, les Iles de M\u00e9telin, de Chio, Samos, Chypre, Candie, etc.) [Travels among persons with leprosy (Egypt, Palestine, the Islands of Mtylene, Chio, Samos, Cyprus, Candie, etc.)]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1891"},{"key":"bibr32-0967772020936958","first-page":"75","volume":"2","author":"Lejeune F.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Histoire des Sciences M\u00e9dicales"},{"key":"bibr33-0967772020936958","unstructured":"Anonymous. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s savantes [Learned societies]. In:\n                      La revue m\u00e9dicale fran\u00e7aise et \u00e9trang\u00e8re\n                      . Tome II. Paris: Chez Gabon et Cie; 1859, p.739."},{"key":"bibr34-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Des affections nerveuses syphilitiques [Syphilitic nervous affections]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1862"},{"key":"bibr35-0967772020936958","unstructured":"Zambaco DA. L\u2019antiquit\u00e9 de la syphilis [The antiquity of syphilis]. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 M\u00e9dicale de Paris. Communication 13 novembre 1897."},{"key":"bibr36-0967772020936958","volume-title":"L\u2019antiquit\u00e9 de la syphilis [The antiquity of syphilis]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1897"},{"key":"bibr37-0967772020936958","volume-title":"Les eunuques d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui et ceux de jadis [Today\u2019s eunuchs and those of the past]","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1911"},{"key":"bibr38-0967772020936958","first-page":"195","volume":"24","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1911","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d-Pharm"},{"key":"bibr39-0967772020936958","first-page":"63","volume":"26","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1913","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d-Pharm"},{"key":"bibr40-0967772020936958","first-page":"71","volume":"26","author":"Zambaco DA.","year":"1913","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d-Pharm"},{"key":"bibr41-0967772020936958","unstructured":"\u00d6mer B, Akal\u0131n.\n                      S.E. le Dr Zambaco-Pacha.\n                      In:\n                      Nevsal-i Afiyet [Yearbook of Health].\n                      Istanbul: Alem Matbaasi, 1315 AH [1898 AD], p.146."},{"key":"bibr42-0967772020936958","unstructured":"OARTPSA. 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Discours aux obs\u00e8ques de M. Zambaco [Speech at the funeral of Mr. Zambaco]. Bull Acad nat m\u00e9d. Tome LXX. 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