{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T13:34:42Z","timestamp":1782480882051,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thomas Shapter spent almost all his working life in Exeter, Devon. He lived to be 93\u2009years old. He is remembered primarily for his book describing the 1832 epidemic of cholera in Exeter in which 402 people died.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09677720211001054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T10:01:30Z","timestamp":1626688890000},"page":"248-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thomas Shapter (1809\u20131902) of Exeter: Nineteenth century epidemiologist, physician, psychiatrist and author"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3310-9024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J","family":"Selley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Devon, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Self-portrait in his MD gown, LLD hood and John Knox cap, painted in 1886 according to the inscription on the back of the painting."},{"key":"bibr2-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Shapter T.\n                      Dissertatio medica inauguralis de senectute\n                      . MD Dissertation, University of Edinburgh, UK,  1831."},{"key":"bibr3-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Milligan JG. The history of duelling. vol II.  London, UK:  Richard Bentley,  1841, pp. 327\u2013 334."},{"key":"bibr4-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Exeter and Plymouth Gazette\n                      25 May \n1833, p.3."},{"key":"bibr5-09677720211001054","volume-title":"Medica sacra or, short expositions of the more important diseases mentioned in the sacred writings","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1834"},{"key":"bibr6-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Anon. The medical quarterly review.\nvol II. \nLondon, UK: \nJ Suter, \n1834, pp.\n396\u2013\n397."},{"key":"bibr7-09677720211001054","volume-title":"A few observations on the leprosy of the Middle ages","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1835"},{"key":"bibr8-09677720211001054","volume-title":"A System of practical medicine","author":"Tweedie A","year":"1840"},{"key":"bibr9-09677720211001054","unstructured":"A great grandson of a former Bishop of Exeter, he became a Fellow of Emmanuel College Cambridge and an acquaintance \u2013 and probably a suitor \u2013 of novelist Jane Austen. He was appointed Rector of the wealthy living of North Cadbury in 1812, shortly before his marriage to Susanna Lewis, Jamaican-born daughter of the prosperous owner of a slave-run sugar plantation."},{"key":"bibr10-09677720211001054","volume-title":"The climate of the South of Devon","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1842"},{"key":"bibr11-09677720211001054","volume-title":"The climate of the South of Devon","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1862","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr12-09677720211001054","volume-title":"A few observations on the leprosy of the Middle ages","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1842"},{"key":"bibr13-09677720211001054","volume-title":"The retrospective address, delivered at the eleventh anniversary meeting of the provincial medical and surgical association","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1843"},{"key":"bibr14-09677720211001054","volume-title":"Remarks on the mortality of Exeter: together with suggestions towards the improvement of the public health","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1844"},{"key":"bibr15-09677720211001054","volume-title":"Report on the state of Exeter (health of towns commission)","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1845"},{"key":"bibr16-09677720211001054","first-page":"281","volume":"11","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1847","journal-title":"Prov Med Surg J"},{"key":"bibr17-09677720211001054","volume-title":"The history of the cholera in Exeter in 1832","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1849"},{"key":"bibr18-09677720211001054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03746607909468756"},{"key":"bibr19-09677720211001054","unstructured":"From 1844 to 1862, John Bucknill MD (1817\u20131897) was medical superintendent at Devon County Asylum at Exminster. He was knighted in \n1894."},{"key":"bibr20-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Anon.\n                      Inquisition in lunacy\n                      .\n                      Journal of Mental Science\n                      1860: VI: Appendix."},{"key":"bibr21-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Editorial. Lancet 1852; 2: 242\u2013243."},{"key":"bibr22-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians. Report on case of Dr Thomas Shapter (1809\u20131902). Signed by Thomas Mayo (1790\u20131871), http:\/\/rcp-asp.adlibhosting.com\/Details\/archive\/110017620 (accessed 27 October \n2020)."},{"key":"bibr23-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Western Times\n                      , 27 August \n1859, p.5."},{"key":"bibr24-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Cork Examiner. 31 May \n1862. p.4."},{"key":"bibr25-09677720211001054","volume-title":"Report of a case heard in queen\u2019s bench","author":"Lowe L.","year":"1872"},{"key":"bibr26-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Select Committee on Lunacy Law, Report, London House of Commons, UK, \n1877."},{"key":"bibr27-09677720211001054","volume-title":"The bastilles of England; or, the lunacy laws at work","author":"Lowe L.","year":"1883"},{"key":"bibr28-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Louisa Lowe disguises her personal story as that of \u2018Mr R.\u2019 and his family at page 105."},{"key":"bibr29-09677720211001054","volume-title":"Notes and Observations on Diseases of The Heart and of the Lungs in connexion therewith","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1874"},{"key":"bibr30-09677720211001054","unstructured":"Morning Post\n                      , 10 September \n1849, p.2."},{"key":"bibr31-09677720211001054","volume-title":"On the mode of communication of cholera","author":"Snow J.","year":"1855","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr32-09677720211001054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budd W.\n                      On the causes of fever (1839)\n                      . 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Baltimore, MD and London, UK:  The Johns Hopkins University Press,  1984.","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801831669"},{"key":"bibr33-09677720211001054","volume-title":"Sanitary measures and their results","author":"Shapter T.","year":"1866"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09677720211001054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09677720211001054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09677720211001054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:26:11Z","timestamp":1777505171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09677720211001054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09677720211001054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09677720211001054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]}}}