{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:45:38Z","timestamp":1777855538402,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dr James Copland (1791\u20131870) was born in the Orkney Islands and studied medicine at Edinburgh where he graduated in 1815. The following year was spent in Paris to acquire knowledge of the latest developments in pathology and he then travelled for a year along the coast of West Africa gaining practical experience of treating tropical diseases. After establishing his medical practice in London, which eventually became extremely successful, he contributed to medical journals and also became editor of the London Medical Repository from 1822 to 1825. His greatest work was The Dictionary of Practical Medicine written entirely by himself which was completed between 1832 and 1858. More than 10,000 copies of the dictionary were sold and its author became world famous during his lifetime. In 1833, Copland was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and from 1837 onwards he played a prominent role in the proceedings of The Royal College of Physicians. This article shows how his extensive professional and literary work was combined with an unusual private life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09677720211032373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T12:39:37Z","timestamp":1626179977000},"page":"189-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dr James Copland (1791\u20131870) and his Dictionary of Practical Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4003-207X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAEW, Portsmouth, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09677720211032373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03120260074016"},{"key":"bibr2-09677720211032373","first-page":"475","volume":"55","author":"Maulitz RC","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull Hist Med"},{"key":"bibr3-09677720211032373","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.oldbaileyonline.org, August 1859, Trial of Thomas Smethurst (48) (t18590815-785)."},{"key":"bibr4-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Munk W. The roll of the royal college of physicians. London:  RCP,  1878, vol.  III, pp.  218\u2013 222."},{"key":"bibr5-09677720211032373","volume-title":"Medical portrait gallery","author":"Pettigrew TJ","year":"1838"},{"key":"bibr6-09677720211032373","unstructured":"The National Archives; Kew, England. \nPrerogative Court of Canterbury and related probate jurisdictions: will register; Class: PROB 11; Piece: 1590. https:\/\/www.ancestry.co.uk."},{"key":"bibr7-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Emsley C, Hitchcock T, Shoemaker R.  London history \u2013 currency, coinage and the cost of living. Old Bailey Proceedings Online, https:\/\/www.oldbaileyonline.org."},{"key":"bibr8-09677720211032373","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.measuringworth.com."},{"key":"bibr9-09677720211032373","unstructured":"London Medical Repository, vol. XV, p. 23."},{"key":"bibr10-09677720211032373","unstructured":"London Medical Repository, vol. XVII, p. 369."},{"key":"bibr11-09677720211032373","unstructured":"BMJ 1870; \n2: \n107\u2013\n108."},{"key":"bibr12-09677720211032373","unstructured":"From Sun Fire Office policy. https:\/\/www.londonlives.org."},{"key":"bibr13-09677720211032373","unstructured":"British and Foreign Medical Review January 1836, vol. I, No. 1, pp. \n176\u2013\n182."},{"key":"bibr14-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Copland J. Dictionary of practical medicine.  London:  Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts,  1858, vol.  I, p.  xxix."},{"key":"bibr15-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Clarke JF. Autobiographical recollections of the medical profession.  London:  J&A Churchill,  1874, pp.  324\u2013 326, 410\u2013420."},{"key":"bibr16-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Dublin Medical Press, 16 May 1860 (advertisement by Longmans)."},{"key":"bibr17-09677720211032373","unstructured":"The London Medical Repository, vol. XVII, p. 407."},{"key":"bibr18-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Copland J. Of pestilential cholera its nature, prevention and curative treatment.  London:  Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green,  1832,  pp. 1, 27, and 70."},{"key":"bibr19-09677720211032373","first-page":"562","volume":"22","author":"Ackernecht EH","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bull Hist Med"},{"key":"bibr20-09677720211032373","volume-title":"The conquest of epidemic disease","author":"Winslow CA","year":"1943"},{"key":"bibr21-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Lancet 1849; \nII: \n433."},{"key":"bibr22-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Report from the Select Committee on Medical Education. \n1834, vol. \nI, p. \n212."},{"key":"bibr23-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Copland J. On the drainage and sewage of London and of large towns their evils and their cure.  London:  Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts,  1857, p. 24."},{"key":"bibr24-09677720211032373","volume-title":"The forms, complications, causes, prevention and treatment of consumption and bronchitis, comprising also the causes and prevention of scrofula","author":"Copland J","year":"1861"},{"key":"bibr25-09677720211032373","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.royalsociety.org.\/pastfellows\/NA2532."},{"key":"bibr26-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Pepper W.  Obituary notice of the late James Copland MD.\n                      Proc Am Philos Soc\n                      1869;  11:  525\u2013 528, https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/981508."},{"key":"bibr27-09677720211032373","first-page":"1","author":"Beattie AM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Shetland Fam Hist Soc J"},{"key":"bibr28-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Sombre D. Mr Dyce Sombre\u2019s refutation of the charge of lunacy brought against him.  Paris: Ancestry.com,  1849, pp.  481\u2013 482."},{"key":"bibr29-09677720211032373","unstructured":"The National Archives; Kew, England. \nPrerogative Court of Canterbury and related probate jurisdictions: will registers; Class: PROB 11; Piece: 2165, https:\/\/www.ancestry.co.uk."},{"key":"bibr30-09677720211032373","unstructured":"England & Wales. \nNational probate calendar (Index of wills and administrations), 1861\u20131941, https:\/\/www.ancestry.co.uk."},{"key":"bibr31-09677720211032373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3354919"},{"key":"bibr32-09677720211032373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br Med J 1870; \n2: \n107\u2013\n108.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.499.107"},{"key":"bibr33-09677720211032373","unstructured":"Clarke JF. Autobiographical recollections of the medical profession.  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