{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:45:30Z","timestamp":1777855530105,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dugald Blair Brown, a military surgeon and Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, published twelve papers containing 77 case studies of gunshot wounds that he had treated in the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 and in the First Anglo-Boer War of 1880\u20131881. Brown devised a \u201cconservative\u201d method of surgery, the early development of which had been influenced by Thomas Longmore (1816\u20131895), Joseph Lister (1827\u20131912), F. J. von Esmarch (1823\u20131912), and Carl von Reyher (1846\u20131890). During these conflicts, Brown reacted to surgical practices unsuited to the battlefield and not in the interest of the wounded. One such practice was \u201cexpectant\u201d surgery, the practitioners of which dangerously substituted natural healing for immediate wound resection. Brown also criticized \u201coperative\u201d surgeons who, when faced with gunshot wounds of the extremities, expeditiously amputated limbs. Viewing each case as diagnostically unique, Brown tried to salvage limbs, to preserve function, and to accelerate recovery. To achieve these objectives, he used debridement, antisepsis, drainage, nutrition, and limited post-operative intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772021995175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T03:14:48Z","timestamp":1619234088000},"page":"240-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Saving private W. H.: The surgical experiences of Dugald Blair Brown (1847\u20131896): Lieutenant-Colonel, FRCS, Edin., AMD"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0697-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"DePaolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1833.443"},{"key":"bibr2-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)93372-0","volume":"147","author":"Obituary notice","year":"1896","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr3-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)47623-4"},{"key":"bibr4-0967772021995175","first-page":"821","volume":"28","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1883","journal-title":"Edin Med J"},{"key":"bibr5-0967772021995175","first-page":"973","volume":"28","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1883","journal-title":"Edin Med J"},{"key":"bibr6-0967772021995175","first-page":"1095","volume":"28","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1883","journal-title":"Edin Med J"},{"key":"bibr7-0967772021995175","first-page":"37","volume":"29","author":"Brown DB.","journal-title":"Edin Med J 1883;"},{"key":"bibr8-0967772021995175","first-page":"134","volume":"29","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1883","journal-title":"Edin Med J"},{"key":"bibr9-0967772021995175","first-page":"216","volume":"29","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1883","journal-title":"Edin Med J"},{"key":"bibr10-0967772021995175","first-page":"311","volume":"29","author":"Brown DB.","journal-title":"Edin Med J 1883;"},{"key":"bibr11-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Brown DB. Surgical experiences in the Zulu and Transvaal wars, 1879 and 1881.  Edinburgh:  Oliver and Boyd,  1883."},{"key":"bibr12-0967772021995175","first-page":"489","volume":"130","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1884","journal-title":"Edin Med J"},{"key":"bibr13-0967772021995175","first-page":"80","volume":"11","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1888","journal-title":"Trans Med Phys Soc Bombay"},{"key":"bibr14-0967772021995175","first-page":"37","volume":"23","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1888","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"key":"bibr15-0967772021995175","unstructured":"LTC Dugald Blair Brown (1847\u20131896)\n                      Memorial\n                      , www.findagrave.com\/memorial\/152114182 (2015, accessed 22 December 2020)."},{"key":"bibr16-0967772021995175","first-page":"195","volume":"2","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1866","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr17-0967772021995175","first-page":"540","volume":"1","author":"Brown DB.","year":"1868","journal-title":"Med Times & Gaz"},{"key":"bibr18-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Hart HG. The new annual army list. Vol.  35.  London:  John Murray,  1874, p.  380."},{"key":"bibr19-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Hart HG. The new annual army list. Vol.  37.  London:  John Murray,  1876, p.  379."},{"key":"bibr20-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart HG. The new annual army list. Vol.  40.  London:  John Murray,  1879, p.  384.","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican06211879-384a"},{"key":"bibr21-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22433"},{"key":"bibr22-0967772021995175","first-page":"85","volume":"8","author":"Herzenberg JE.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Iowa Ortho J"},{"key":"bibr23-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0738-5"},{"key":"bibr24-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-002-0467-8"},{"key":"bibr25-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godlee RJ. Lord Lister. 2nd ed.  London:  Macmillan and Co.  1918, p.  350.","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1918.tb32832.x"},{"key":"bibr26-0967772021995175","volume-title":"A treatise on gun-shot wounds","author":"Longman T.","year":"1862"},{"key":"bibr27-0967772021995175","volume-title":"Gunshot injuries: their history, characteristic features, complications, and general treatment","author":"Longman T.","year":"1895","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr28-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.394.53"},{"key":"bibr29-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.366.1"},{"key":"bibr30-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.505.243"},{"key":"bibr31-0967772021995175","first-page":"5","volume":"1","author":"Lister J.","year":"1871","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr32-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Dunglison R. New remedies: the method of preparing and administering them; their effects on the healthy and diseased economy.  Philadelphia:  Lea and Blanchard,  1839, pp. 156\u2013 182."},{"key":"bibr33-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.524.30"},{"key":"bibr34-0967772021995175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5439.922","volume":"1","author":"Stafford PW.","year":"1880","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"bibr35-0967772021995175","unstructured":"War Office. Intelligence branch of the quarter-master general\u2019s department. Narrative of the field operations connected with the Zulu war of 1879. \nUckfield, East Sussex: \nThe Naval and Military Press, \n2005, pp. \n31\u2013\n38. [Appendix C, pp. 114\u2013115, 156\u2013157, 164\u2013167]."},{"key":"bibr36-0967772021995175","first-page":"416","volume":"113","year":"1879","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr37-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Laband J, Knight I. The war correspondents: the Anglo-Zulu war.  Phoenix Hill:  Sutton Publishing,  1996, pp. 62,  136\u2013 144."},{"key":"bibr38-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Woolfryes JA. Medical history of the war in Zululand in 1879. In: Muir WH (ed).\n                      Army medical department report for the year 1879\n                      . [Appendix IV, v. 21]. London: Her Majesty\u2019s Stationery Office, 1881, pp. 277\u2013312."},{"key":"bibr39-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Dugdale-Pointon TDP. Battle of Ulundi, 4th July 1879, http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org (2001, accessed 4 January 2021)."},{"key":"bibr40-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Correspondent Report. The war in Zululand: the advance on Ulundi.\n                      Brit Med J\n                      2: 517\u2013518."},{"key":"bibr41-0967772021995175","first-page":"5108","volume":"24754","author":"Semple A.","year":"1879","journal-title":"London Gaz"},{"key":"bibr42-0967772021995175","unstructured":"Hart HG. The new annual army list. AF Hart (ed). Vol.  42.  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