{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:45:39Z","timestamp":1777855539690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dimitrios Zambakis was an acclaimed physician at his time, most recognized for his work on leprosy. He theorized that leprosy was a hereditary disease, receiving many awards for his work including the Cholera Medal of Honour (1854), Ch\u00e2teau-Villard Prize from the Faculty of Medicine in Paris (1898), The Montyon Prize, and the title of Pasha. However, his theory was routinely argued against and was later proven to be invalid. Leprosy is regarded as a contagious disease spread by contact and is not hereditary. The last name appears to be spelled in various ways (Zambakis, Zambaco). For this paper, \u201cDimitrios Zambakis\u201d will be used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09677720221079833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T04:34:20Z","timestamp":1644467660000},"page":"146-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dimitrios Zambakis\u2019 Scientific Hypothesis on the Transmission of Leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0312-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyra","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Mammis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09677720221079833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0967772020936958"},{"key":"bibr2-09677720221079833","unstructured":"Leprosytalk. About leprosy.\n                      The Leprosy Mission\n                      https:\/\/www.leprosymission.org.uk\/about\/about-leprosy\/#\/ (accessed November 21, 2021)."},{"key":"bibr3-09677720221079833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591577506800809"},{"key":"bibr4-09677720221079833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26650\/AB\/AA8.2022.125"},{"key":"bibr5-09677720221079833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1931.03880190004001"},{"key":"bibr6-09677720221079833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01938917"},{"key":"bibr7-09677720221079833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1307.131-a"},{"key":"bibr8-09677720221079833","first-page":"158","volume":"56","author":"Duncan ME","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"bibr9-09677720221079833","unstructured":"Dr Gerhard Armauer Hansen.\n                      International Leprosy Association \u2013 History of Leprosy\n                      . https:\/\/leprosyhistory.org\/ database\/person (accessed January 06, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr10-09677720221079833","unstructured":"Hansen\u2019s disease (leprosy).\n                      Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n                      https:\/\/leprosyhistory.org\/database\/person1 (accessed January 06, 2022)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09677720221079833","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09677720221079833","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09677720221079833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:26:19Z","timestamp":1777505179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09677720221079833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09677720221079833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09677720221079833","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]}}}