{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:42:52Z","timestamp":1777855372051,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In 1836, an article was published in which the terms\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rindensubstanz<\/jats:italic>\n                    (cortical substance) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Marksubstanz<\/jats:italic>\n                    (medullary substance) were introduced for the first time with reference to the adrenal glands. The author was indicated as \u2018Dr Nagel\u2019, without any further specification. Modern scientific literature often identifies the author's name as \u2018N. Nagel\u2019, without citing any primary source. Here, Nagel is positively identified as Moritz Nagel (1808\u20131871), a student of the German physiologist and anatomist Johannes Peter M\u00fcller (1801\u20131858), who graduated in Medicine at the University of Berlin in 1834. The 1836 article represented the German version of Nagel's Latin dissertation. Nagel later left M\u00fcller to devote himself to obstetrics and gynaecology. Although current literature attributes to Nagel the merit for introducing the terms \u2018cortical\u2019 and \u2018medullary\u2019, based on the testimony of Nagel himself and that of Jakob Henle (1809-1885), I conclude that Nagel described and illustrated results previously anticipated by M\u00fcller in 1832. Yet, considering that Nagel's description was the first in print, that he published following his own work carried out under M\u00fcller's supervision and apparently with M\u00fcller's blessing, I believe it is fair to conclude that the credit for the discovery should be justifiably attributed jointly to M\u00fcller and Nagel.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09677720241278984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T03:54:39Z","timestamp":1732247679000},"page":"338-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Moritz Nagel (1808\u20131871): A faceless name in the history of the adrenal glands"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3307-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Damiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1400950304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"365","article-title":"Ueber die structur der nebennieren","author":"Nagel","year":"1836","unstructured":"Nagel. 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