{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:44:09Z","timestamp":1777855449522,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]],"date-time":"1994-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":760060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Biogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/096777209400200104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T21:41:41Z","timestamp":1484084501000},"page":"12-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Semmelweis: A Rereading of\n                    <i>Die Aetiologie \u2026<\/i>\n                    Part I: Puerperal Sepsis before 1845;\n                    <i>Die Aetiologie<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"H O","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AO Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-096777209400200104","volume-title":"Die Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers.","author":"Semmelweis IP","year":"1861"},{"key":"bibr2-096777209400200104","volume-title":"Molecules and Life.","author":"Fruton JS","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr3-096777209400200104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1003-0"},{"key":"bibr4-096777209400200104","volume-title":"Essays on the Puerperal Fever and Other Diseases Peculiar to Women.","author":"Churchill F.","year":"1849"},{"key":"bibr5-096777209400200104","author":"Holmes OW","year":"1843","journal-title":"N Eng Quart J Med Surg"},{"key":"bibr6-096777209400200104","first-page":"1037","volume":"86","author":"Pasteur L","year":"1878","journal-title":"CR Acad Sci"},{"key":"bibr7-096777209400200104","unstructured":"White C. A Treatise on the Management of Pregnant and Lying-in Women. 1773. Reprinted 1777, 1784, 1791. In: Adami JG.\n                      Charles White of Manchester (1728\u20131813) and the Arrest of Puerperal Fever.\n                      London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1922. Also in: Churchill F (op. cit. ref 4):232."},{"key":"bibr8-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Gordon A. A Treatise on the Epidemic Puerperal Fever of Aberdeen. 1795 In: Churchill F (op. cit. ref 4)."},{"key":"bibr9-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Ibid. Cited in Churchill (op. cit. ref 4):445\u20136,471."},{"key":"bibr10-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Ibid: 470\u20131,472."},{"key":"bibr11-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Holmes consulted a \u201ccompetent person\u201d whose identity cannot be established by material in the Oliver Wendell Holmes archives, according to the Curator of Rare Books and Manuscripts at the Boston Medical Library, Dr R J Wolfe. It is possible that this mathematician recognized that the problem of testing clustering had been solved for other special cases by constructing what is now known as the\n                      reference set.\n                      Thus Daniel Bernoulli (1700\u20131782)* tested the \u201cflatness\u201d of the solar system, i.e. almost equal inclination of the planetary orbits; Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698\u20131759)* tested the heredity of Polydactyly (multiple digits); and John Michell (ca 1724\u20131793)* tested the grouping of the Seven Sisters (Pleiades)."},{"key":"bibr12-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Holmes OW. In: Medical essays (op. cit. ref 5): p 114."},{"key":"bibr13-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Nunneley T. A Treatise on the Nature, Causes, and Treatment of Erysipelas. London: John Churchill, 1841:73\u201381."},{"key":"bibr14-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Holmes OW. In: Medical essays (op. cit. ref 5):161\u20132."},{"key":"bibr15-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Ibid: 150,152."},{"key":"bibr16-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Semmelweis IP (op. cit. ref 1):429."},{"key":"bibr17-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Lesky E. The Vienna Medical School of the 19th Century. Baltimore-London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976:188."},{"key":"bibr18-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Gortvay G, Zolt\u00e1n I. Semmelweis: His Life and Work. Transl. by Rona E. Budapest: Akademiai Kiad\u00f3, 1968:63."},{"key":"bibr19-096777209400200104","first-page":"255","volume":"34","author":"Nuland SB","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Hist Med"},{"key":"bibr20-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Semmelweis IP. H\u00f6chst wichtige Erfahrungen \u00fcber die Aetiologie der in Geb\u00e4ranstalten epidemischen Puerperalfieber. (Experiences of the greatest importance concerning the etiology of epidemic puerperal fever in lying-in institutions). Ztschr d. k. k. Gesellsch d. Aerzte in Wien 1847\u201348; 4: pt 2,242; 1849;5:64."},{"key":"bibr21-096777209400200104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1556\/650.1858.01.10","volume":"2","author":"Semmelweis IP","year":"1858","journal-title":"Orvosi hetilap"},{"key":"bibr22-096777209400200104","volume-title":"Animal Chemistry or Chemistry in its Applications to Physiology and Pathology.","author":"von Liebig J","year":"1846","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr23-096777209400200104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.21897"},{"key":"bibr24-096777209400200104","unstructured":"Semmelweis IP (op. cit. ref 1):53."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Biography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096777209400200104","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096777209400200104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:24:08Z","timestamp":1777505048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/096777209400200104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/096777209400200104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096777209400200104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-7720","1758-1087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-7720","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]}}}