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E.","year":"1905","journal-title":"The Times"},{"key":"bibr11-096777209700500302","first-page":"951","volume-title":"Manson's Tropical Diseases","author":"Cook GC","year":"1996","edition":"20"},{"key":"bibr12-096777209700500302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096777209500300104"},{"key":"bibr13-096777209700500302","unstructured":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Historical Record 1898\u20131920. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1920: 103."},{"key":"bibr14-096777209700500302","first-page":"455","volume":"4","author":"Dutton JE","year":"1902","journal-title":"Thompson Yates Laboratories Report"},{"key":"bibr15-096777209700500302","unstructured":"Singer C, Underwood EA. A Short History of Medicine, 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962: 481\u20137."},{"key":"bibr16-096777209700500302","first-page":"178","volume-title":"The Wellcome Trust Illustrated History of Tropical Diseases","author":"Williams BI","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr17-096777209700500302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096777209300100406"},{"key":"bibr18-096777209700500302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096777209600400115"},{"key":"bibr19-096777209700500302","unstructured":"Dutton J. to his family in England: 1 September 1904. Manuscript collection of Josephine Braybrooke."},{"key":"bibr20-096777209700500302","unstructured":"This demonstration of trypanosomes in an animal reservoir is of particular interest; today only limited evidence exists (in pigs and dogs) of a zoonotic reservoir of\n                      \n                        Trypanosoma brucei gambiense\n                        9\n                      \n                      ."},{"key":"bibr21-096777209700500302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/sil.309515.39088000758763"},{"key":"bibr22-096777209700500302","unstructured":"This is an early description of the use of this technique in the demonstration of\n                      T. brucei gambiense\n                      ; it remains in use today, enlarged cervical glands (first described by Winterbottom in 1803\n                      14\n                      ) being those most frequently aspirated."},{"key":"bibr23-096777209700500302","unstructured":"Dutton J. to his family in England: 22 December 1904. Manuscript collection of Josephine Braybrooke."},{"key":"bibr24-096777209700500302","first-page":"434","volume-title":"The Scramble for Africa 1876\u20131912.","author":"Pakenham T","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr25-096777209700500302","unstructured":"JED must mean Tippu Tip, whose son Sefu was one of the last of the great Arab slave traders \u2013 whose activities were centred on Zanzibar. Ibid.: 434\u201351."},{"key":"bibr26-096777209700500302","unstructured":"The mode of transmission of relapsing fever in Dutton's case remains unclear; it seems highly likely, however, that he contracted the infection while carrying out a postmortem examination on an infected African patient\n                      2,3\n                      . African tick-borne relapsing fever is caused by\n                      Borrelia\n                      spp., and transmitted by soft ticks (genus\n                      Ornithodoros\n                      ). Although the mortality rate in untreated infection is low compared with that for the louse-borne variety \u2013 less than 10% \u2013 neurological complications are relatively common in the non-immune \u2013 although rare in the indigenous population4. The infection is now amenable to tetracycline or penicillin chemotherapy; a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is a rare complication."},{"key":"bibr27-096777209700500302","unstructured":"Todd J. to HE Dutton (brother of JED): 28 February 1905. Manuscript collection of Josephine Braybrooke."},{"key":"bibr28-096777209700500302","unstructured":"Willett J to Francis Moore Dutton (nephew of JED): 30 August 1948. 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