{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:07:12Z","timestamp":1777928832661,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]],"date-time":"1998-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":888710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Law International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Swedish Insemination Act (1984) provides for offspring who were conceived by donor insemination (DI) the right to have access to the identity of the donor when they have reached maturity. This paper reports on the attitudes and views of donors in a Swedish clinic in relation to the Act. It looks at the debate that occurred at the time of the introduction of the Act and the arguments both for and against the maintenance of traditional donor anonymity. It looks at the effect the Act has had on the numbers and types of men donating and considers the implications of the actions taken by some infertile couples to prevent their child from finding out the identity of the relevant donor. It also looks at the issues which the Swedish welfare services will need particularly to consider as the time approaches when the first of the DI offspring conceived under this legislation come to \u2018maturity\u2019, and start requesting access to information about donors. The attitudes of donors in this study are then compared with those of donors in other countries. Finally, the legislative approach taken in Sweden is compared with the more educative approach undertaken in New Zealand to the issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096853329800300302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T16:54:50Z","timestamp":1318956890000},"page":"117-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Views of Semen Donors regarding the Swedish Insemination Act 1984"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"K.R","family":"Daniels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.L.","family":"Ericsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.P.","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury, NZ and Malmo University Hospital, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bibr1-096853329800300302","first-page":"335","volume":"7","author":"Brandon J.","year":"1977","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Work"},{"key":"bibr2-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Swedish Law on Artificial Insemination. No 1140\/1984. Austria and the state of Victoria in Australia have also recently passed similar legislation."},{"key":"bibr3-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Section 6, Swedish Parental Code (as amended 1984\/85)"},{"key":"bibr4-096853329800300302","first-page":"91","volume":"10","author":"Bogdan M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Comparative Law Year Book"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr5-096853329800300302","first-page":"3","volume":"23","author":"Bydgeman M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"IPPF Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"bibr6-096853329800300302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1994.tb01265.x"},{"key":"bibr7-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Bydgeman M. (1989) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr8-096853329800300302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136196"},{"key":"bibr9-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"issue":"927","key":"bibr10-096853329800300302","first-page":"27","volume":"105","author":"Purdie A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"New Zealand Medical Journal."},{"key":"bibr11-096853329800300302","unstructured":"A further study is currently being undertaken which focuses on the attitudes of donors in other parts of Sweden."},{"key":"bibr12-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Approximately US $37."},{"key":"bibr13-096853329800300302","unstructured":"The questionnaire the respondents completed contained 107 multi-choice and short answer questions on a variety of topics."},{"key":"bibr14-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Twenty two of these questionaries were from current donors and 21 were from previous donors. The current donors who responded also constitute 29% of the 75 donors who were active in Swedish hospitals at this time."},{"key":"bibr15-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Twenty-five donors indicated their willingness to be interviewed, but due to one of the senior author's limited time in Sweden it was only possible to interview twelve."},{"key":"bibr16-096853329800300302","unstructured":"All but one of these men (65%) had contributed to conceptions which had resulted in live births"},{"key":"bibr17-096853329800300302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0730938400023984"},{"key":"bibr18-096853329800300302","volume-title":"Lethal Secrets. The Psychology of Donor Insemination, Problems and Solutions.","author":"Baran A.","year":"1993","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr19-096853329800300302","unstructured":"The level of interest of donors in this study in this information is discussed in another paper Semen donors as consumers of health services, under editorial review."},{"key":"bibr20-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Daniels K., and Taylor K. (1993) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr21-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Jonsson L. (1988), Ewerlof G. (1985) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr22-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Ewerlof G. (1985) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr23-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Bydgeman M. (1989) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr24-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Ewerlof G. (1985)"},{"key":"bibr25-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Wennergren B. (1994) The rights of a child in Sweden that was born thanks to AI or IVF. Unpublished 1-5. Potentially, this situation may also affect the donor and the social father of the child."},{"key":"bibr26-096853329800300302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0730938400024060"},{"key":"bibr27-096853329800300302","unstructured":"E.g. In the case of the offspring falling ill and blood or organs not being able to be donated by the social father because he has a different blood type."},{"key":"bibr28-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Jonsson L. (1988) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr29-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Which is remarkable in itself in that it was undertaken seven years after the event and was instigated by a researcher from the other side of the world."},{"key":"bibr30-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Jonsson L. (1988)"},{"key":"bibr31-096853329800300302","volume-title":"Report on Donor Insemination In Sweden.","author":"McWhinnie A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr32-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Daniels K., and Lagos O. (1995) op.cit. These figures include, however, the men donating at Malmo who we have identified as \u2018previous\u2019 donors. If these donors are excluded we estimate that the figures would have risen over this same period from 50 to 83."},{"key":"bibr33-096853329800300302","unstructured":"These two latter figures are taken from another paper which draws upon the results of this study: \u2018The Motivations of Semen Donors in a Swedish Clinic\u2019 which is under editorial review. Further information about the motivations of the donors in this study can be found in that paper."},{"key":"bibr34-096853329800300302","first-page":"45","volume":"74","author":"Rowland R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Obstetrica Etgynecologica Scandanavia."},{"key":"bibr35-096853329800300302","first-page":"453","volume-title":"Human artificial insemination and semen preservation.","author":"Nijs P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr36-096853329800300302","volume-title":"Information sharing in semen donation: the views of donors.","author":"Daniels","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr37-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Daniels K., and Taylor K. (1993) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr38-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Joyce D.N. (1984) The implications of greater openness concerning AID, in AID and After: papers from BAAF, BASW and a Scottish Working Party. London."},{"key":"bibr39-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Rowland R. (1984)."},{"key":"bibr40-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Neilson A.F.  (1995) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr41-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Hovatti O. (1995). Personal communication."},{"key":"bibr42-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Bydgeman M. (1989)"},{"key":"bibr43-096853329800300302","first-page":"211","volume-title":"The Technological Woman: Interfacing with Tomorrow!","author":"Baran A.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr44-096853329800300302","unstructured":"Sixty-eight percent of donors in one clinic were in favour of this information being made available to offspring. Purdie A. et al (1992) op.cit."},{"key":"bibr45-096853329800300302","author":"Daniels","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child and Family Social Work"},{"key":"bibr46-096853329800300302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01730020023003"}],"container-title":["Medical Law International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096853329800300302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096853329800300302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:22:26Z","timestamp":1777677746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/096853329800300302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/096853329800300302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096853329800300302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0968-5332","2047-9441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0968-5332","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-9441","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]}}}