{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:08:26Z","timestamp":1777928906560,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518480000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Screen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One reason that women over age 50 report avoiding cervical screening is increased discomfort postmenopause. This study aimed to explore the acceptability of human papillomavirus testing on clinician-collected vaginal samples without a speculum (\u2018non-speculum\u2019) for cervical screening among older women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight women in England aged 50\u201364 with a range of cervical screening experience (\u2018up-to-date\u2019 n\u2009=\u200917, \u2018overdue screening\u2019 n\u2009=\u200918, \u2018never screened\u2019 n\u2009=\u20093) were identified via a recruitment agency. Women participated in focus groups or interviews about the potential for using clinician-collected samples without a speculum. Discussions were analysed using Framework Analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The two main themes identified were women\u2019s perceptions of the speculum and attitudes towards non-speculum screening. Many women reported negative experiences with the speculum, including increased pain after the menopause. Women generally had positive attitudes towards non-speculum clinician sampling and felt it would be a less intrusive option, but expressed concern that it could be less accurate than screening with a speculum. Women who were \u2018up-to-date\u2019 preferred conventional screening, while overdue and never screened women welcomed the option to be screened without a speculum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human papillomavirus testing on non-speculum clinician-collected vaginal samples could be an acceptable alternative cervical screening method for older women. Offering this approach could increase screening uptake in older women who find conventional cervical screening to be less acceptable with ageing or the menopause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141318756452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T23:41:59Z","timestamp":1518565319000},"page":"205-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Acceptability of non-speculum clinician sampling for cervical screening in older women: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Sasieni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita WW","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura AV","family":"Marlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0969141318756452","unstructured":"CRUK. Cervical cancer mortality by age, http:\/\/www.cancerresearchuk.org\/health-professional\/cancer-statistics\/statistics-by-cancer-type\/cervical-cancer\/mortality#heading-one (2015, accessed 5 October 2017)."},{"key":"bibr2-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.290"},{"key":"bibr3-0969141318756452","unstructured":"Digital N. Cervical screening programme: England, 2015-16, http:\/\/www.content.digital.nhs.uk\/catalogue\/PUB22414\/nhs-cerv-scre-prog-eng-2015-16-rep.pdf (2016, accessed 5 October 2017)."},{"key":"bibr4-0969141318756452","unstructured":"NHS Digital. Table 3a: NHS Cervical Screening Programme: test status of women by age. In Cervical Screening Programme, England - 2015-16: Data Tables, http:\/\/www.content.digital.nhs.uk\/catalogue\/PUB22414 (2016, accessed 5 October 2017)."},{"key":"bibr5-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2009.009073"},{"key":"bibr6-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03030.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.04.017"},{"key":"bibr8-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4126"},{"key":"bibr9-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.05.002"},{"key":"bibr10-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0413"},{"key":"bibr11-0969141318756452","first-page":"351","volume":"96","author":"Dennerstein L","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"bibr12-0969141318756452","unstructured":". Jo\u2019s Cervical Cancer Trust. Failure to understand risk factors for developing cervical cancer could mean greater incidence and death in women over 50, https:\/\/www.jostrust.org.uk\/node\/20065 (2015, accessed 5 October 2017)."},{"key":"bibr13-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2729"},{"key":"bibr14-0969141318756452","unstructured":"WHO. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer 2016, http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs380\/en\/ (accessed 5 October 2017)."},{"key":"bibr15-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62218-7"},{"key":"bibr16-0969141318756452","unstructured":"PHE Screening. What GPs need to know about the introduction of primary HPV testing in cervical screening, https:\/\/phescreening.blog.gov.uk\/2017\/06\/14\/what-gps-need-to-know-about-the-introduction-of-primary-hpv-testing-in-cervical-screening\/ (accessed 5 October 2017)."},{"key":"bibr17-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141316664757"},{"key":"bibr18-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096914130601300409"},{"key":"bibr19-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12544"},{"key":"bibr20-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27790"},{"key":"bibr21-0969141318756452","volume-title":"Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers","author":"Ritchie JL.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr22-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104973200129118183"},{"key":"bibr23-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2014-101082"},{"key":"bibr24-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.05.010"},{"key":"bibr25-0969141318756452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/WHE.13.48"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Screening"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0969141318756452","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0969141318756452","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0969141318756452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:24:16Z","timestamp":1777677856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0969141318756452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0969141318756452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0969141318756452","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-1413","1475-5793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-1413","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]}}}