{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:12:13Z","timestamp":1779235933240,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["Grant \u2116 2230\/GF4, State registration No. 0115\u0420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant \u2116 2230\/GF4, State registration No. 0115\u0420"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Screen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effectiveness of the current cervical cancer screening tools in Western Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smears taken through (i) conventional cytology using azur-eosin staining and (ii) liquid-based cytology (LBC) \u2018Cell Scan\u2019 in the general female population and in women first diagnosed with cervical cancer were collected throughout the region. ROC-analysis with curve construction and weighted Cohen's \u03ba calculation were applied. A total of 494 cytological pairs were collected, including 94 sets with histology findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The conventional (azur-eosin staining) technique contained 0.2% non-informative material and LBC \u2018Cell Scan\u2019 had 5.9%. Area under the curve was 0.95 for the conventional technique and 0.92 for \u2018Cell Scan\u2019 ( p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The conventional smears showed \u03ba 0.62, sensitivity 90.4% at specificity 90.0% for CIN2+, while LBC \u2018Cell Scan\u2019 smears showed \u03ba 0.47, sensitivity 83.3% at specificity 92.5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this analysis it was not possible to prove that the LBC \u2018Cell Scan\u2019 technique was superior to its predecessor, azur-eosin staining. These findings highlight the need to modify the current screening programme according to updated international scientific evidence on effective screening design, such as the use of HPV DNA testing with Pap smear triage in women aged 30 or older. Further research, and a Health Technology Assessment, are necessary if we wish to establish a national standardized screening programme using the available technology appropriately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141319885409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T03:04:03Z","timestamp":1574219043000},"page":"90-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cervical screening in Western Kazakhstan: Liquid-based cytology \u2018Cell Scan\u2019 versus azur-eosin staining"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4080-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saule","family":"Balmagambetova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gabutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arip","family":"Koyshybaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4308-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Acuti Martellucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olzhas","family":"Urazayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanshaiym","family":"Sakiyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karlygash","family":"Bekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0969141319885409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31392-7"},{"key":"bibr2-0969141319885409","first-page":"1175","volume":"19","author":"Aimagambetova G","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"bibr3-0969141319885409","unstructured":"Bruni L, Albero G, Serrano B, et al. ICO\/IARC  Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Kazakhstan. Summary Report 17 June 2019.  http:\/\/www.hpvcentre.net\/statistics\/reports\/KAZ.pdf (accessed 16 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr4-0969141319885409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jgo.18.65600"},{"key":"bibr5-0969141319885409","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Essentials for cervical cancer prevention and control programmes. In:\n                      Comprehensive cervical cancer control: a guide to essential practice\n                      . 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK269608\/ (accessed 16 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr6-0969141319885409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq562"},{"key":"bibr7-0969141319885409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.012"},{"key":"bibr8-0969141319885409","volume-title":"Population screening for cervical cancer","author":"Health Council of the Netherlands","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr9-0969141319885409","unstructured":"Medical Services Advisory Committee of Australia: Australia MSAC application no. 1276. National Cervical Screening Program Renewal 2013. http:\/\/www.msac.gov.au\/internet\/msac\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/1276-public  (accessed 12 October 2016)."},{"key":"bibr10-0969141319885409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1375-9"},{"key":"bibr11-0969141319885409","first-page":"116","volume":"41","author":"Di Stefano F","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Prev"},{"key":"bibr12-0969141319885409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1242-9"},{"key":"bibr13-0969141319885409","unstructured":"Boardman CH, Matthews KJ, Carter JS, et al. 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