{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:55:55Z","timestamp":1785552955388,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Screen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in UK men excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, with over 64,000 new cases and 12,000 deaths annually. This disparity between incidence and mortality has fuelled debate about over-diagnosis and the value of screening. The UK National Screening Committee has advised against population prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, citing uncertainty regarding benefit and harm. However, a risk-based PSA screening algorithm that adjusts PSA levels to multiples of the median for the same age and incorporates age-specific risk demonstrated good screening performance (detection rate of 90% for a false-positive rate of 2%). The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer shows a 16% reduction in prostate cancer mortality with PSA screening, comparable to reductions achieved in bowel cancer screening. The addition of pre-biopsy multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening reduces unnecessary biopsies and over-diagnosis while maintaining detection of clinically significant disease. Together, risk-based PSA testing combined with multi-parametric MRI would prevent an estimated 13 prostate cancer deaths per 1000 men screened every 5 years from age 55, with 9 deaths prevented for every man treated unnecessarily.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09691413261440207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:03:53Z","timestamp":1776089033000},"page":"67-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Screening for prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3088-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P","family":"Bestwick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Haematology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Prostate cancer in elderly men","volume":"10","author":"Stangelberger A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stangelberger A, Waldert M, Djavan B. 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