{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T11:27:17Z","timestamp":1786793237011,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P50-CA92629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50-CA92629"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Screen"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Almost all national guidelines groups recommend that individual men make an informed personal decision about whether to be screened for prostate cancer. This implies the decision to undergo prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is preference sensitive; that is, whether the expected utility of screening is higher or lower than that of no screening can vary depending on a man's preferences (\u201cutilities\u201d) for downstream health states such as urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed the literature to find evidence on whether PSA screening is indeed a preference-sensitive decision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that preference sensitivity was routinely asserted without providing any evidence. Some authors pointed to studies of PSA decision aids, but there is no logical link between a decision aid changing a decision and that decision being preference sensitive. The major modeling study on PSA screening found higher expected utility for PSA screening irrespective of how a man might feel about the side-effects of treatment. One study did find that while PSA screening was generally favored, expected utility was fractionally lower in a small subgroup, but the difference was extremely small, and would not be negative with recent changes to PSA screening pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The assumption underlying informed choice policies\u2014PSA screening is a preference-sensitive decision\u2014is not supported by the literature. Men should be provided with clear information about and give consent for PSA testing, but preference elicitation as part of shared decision-making is not indicated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09691413261478762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T18:52:23Z","timestamp":1786560743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Should there be informed decision-making for prostate cancer screening? An analysis of preference sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1525-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Vickers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3553-5710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigrid","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Australian Health Ministers\u2019 Advisory Council. Prostate Cancer Screening in Australia: Position Statement. 2019. https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"National Cancer Control Programme. National Prostate Cancer GP Referral Guideline. 2018. https:\/\/www.hse.ie\/eng\/services\/list\/5\/cancer\/profinfo."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Theory of games and economic behavior","author":"Von Neumann J","year":"1944","unstructured":"Von Neumann J, Morgenstern O. Theory of games and economic behavior. Princeton University Press, 1944."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000004039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"The effects of shared decision making on cancer screeninga systematic review","author":"Lillie SE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lillie SE, Partin MR, Rice K, et al. The effects of shared decision making on cancer screening \u2013 a systematic review. 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Geographic, socioeconomic and demographic inequalities in the incidence of metastatic prostate cancer at time of diagnosis in England: a population-based evaluation. 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