{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:19:44Z","timestamp":1777929584491,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurs Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychological abuse of older people is difficult to recognise; specifically, nursing home residents have been documented to be at higher risk of psychological abuse during daily care, such as during feeding. Healthcare professionals adopt positive and negative verbal prompts to maintain residents\u2019 eating independence; however, negative prompts\u2019 purposes and implications have never been discussed to date.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To critically analyse negative verbal prompts given during mealtimes as forms of abuse of older individuals and violation of ethical principles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a secondary analysis of three cases of negative prompts that emerged in a large descriptive study based upon focus group methodology and involving 13 nursing homes and 54 healthcare professionals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants and research context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 3 out of 13 nursing homes caring for residents with moderate\/severe functional dependence in self-feeding mainly due to dementia; in these nursing homes, we conducted three focus groups and 13 healthcare professionals participated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethical considerations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted in accordance with the Human Subject Research Ethics Committee guidelines after being approved by the Review Board of the Trust.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the intent of maintaining self-feeding independence, negative verbal prompts have been reported as being used by nursing home teams. By critically analysing these negative prompts, it turned out they could trigger intimidation, depression and anxiety and thus could be considered as forms of abuse; moreover, negative prompts can threaten the ethical principles of (1) autonomy using a paternalist approach, (2) beneficence and non-maleficence as with the intent to act in the best interests of residents (to maintain self-feeding independence) they are harmed in their dignity and (3) justice, given that residents who received negative prompts are treated differently from those who received positive prompts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eating should be a pleasant experience with a positive impact on physiological, psychological and social well-being. However, negative prompting can lead to abuse and violation of basic ethical principles, destroying the healthcare professional resident and relative relationships strongly dependent on trust.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Negative verbal prompting must be avoided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733018819124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T03:50:03Z","timestamp":1545969003000},"page":"2158-2171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Negative prompts aimed at maintaining eating independence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-844X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvisa","family":"Palese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Gonella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tea","family":"Kasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Caruzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hayter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1404688"},{"key":"bibr2-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NHH.0000000000000648"},{"key":"bibr3-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Elder mistreatment: abuse, neglect and exploitation in an aging America","author":"Bonnie R","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr4-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.1261"},{"key":"bibr5-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12100"},{"key":"bibr6-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902234"},{"key":"bibr7-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105477389700600307"},{"key":"bibr8-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.9.M966"},{"key":"bibr9-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-19951001-04"},{"key":"bibr10-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49183.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733013511358"},{"key":"bibr12-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Applied behaviour analysis for teacher","author":"Alberto AA","year":"2003","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr13-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Theories of learning","author":"Hilgard ER","year":"1975"},{"key":"bibr14-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Science and human behavior","author":"Skinner BF","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr15-0969733018819124","first-page":"364","volume-title":"Handbook of operant behavior","author":"Hineline PN","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr16-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1987.20-361"},{"key":"bibr17-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6948.184"},{"key":"bibr18-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design choosing among five traditions","author":"Creswell JW","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr19-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palese A, Bressan V, Kasa T, et al. Interventions maintaining eating independence in nursing home residents: a multicentre qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics 2018; 18:292.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0985-y"},{"key":"bibr20-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2013.04.015"},{"key":"bibr21-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"bibr22-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315588501"},{"key":"bibr23-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2018.01.011"},{"key":"bibr24-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Qualitative research & evaluation methods: integrating theory and practice","author":"Patton MQ","year":"2015","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr25-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Focus groups: a practical guide for applied research","author":"Krueger RA","year":"2014","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr26-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"bibr27-0969733018819124","first-page":"56","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney FI","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"bibr28-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.4.M174"},{"key":"bibr29-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000478519"},{"key":"bibr30-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2015.02.003"},{"key":"bibr31-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Principles of biomedical ethics","author":"Beauchamp T","year":"2001","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr32-0969733018819124","volume-title":"In a different voice: psychological theory and women\u2019s development","author":"Gilligan C","year":"1982"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr33-0969733018819124","first-page":"136","volume":"37","author":"Basso I","year":"2018","journal-title":"Assist Inferm Ric"},{"key":"bibr34-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301210364451"},{"key":"bibr35-0969733018819124","first-page":"16","volume":"26","author":"Abdelhamid A","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"bibr36-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.09.004"},{"key":"bibr37-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533610385429"},{"key":"bibr38-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12924"},{"key":"bibr39-0969733018819124","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Chapter 5: abuse of the elderly. In: Krug E, Dahllberg L, Mercy J, et al. (eds) World report on violence and health, http:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/violence\/global_campaign\/en\/chap5.pdf (2002, accessed 16 July 2018)."},{"key":"bibr40-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317734435"},{"key":"bibr41-0969733018819124","volume-title":"Health care ethics: principles and problems","author":"Garrett TM","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr42-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02569.x"},{"key":"bibr43-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390307309216"},{"key":"bibr44-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2013.781116"},{"key":"bibr45-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2015.1067851"},{"key":"bibr46-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105314532971"},{"key":"bibr47-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3148\/66.1.2005.5"},{"key":"bibr48-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f8gstrup KE. The ethical demand. Paris: University of Notre Dame, 1997, 320 pp.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvpj7dd8"},{"key":"bibr49-0969733018819124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270710738906"}],"container-title":["Nursing Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0969733018819124","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0969733018819124","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0969733018819124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:41:31Z","timestamp":1777678891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0969733018819124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0969733018819124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0969733018819124","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-7330","1477-0989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-7330","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]}}}