{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:26:07Z","timestamp":1789669567205,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001631","name":"Judith Chavasse PhD Scholarship University College Dublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurs Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n This discussion paper provides a reflection on ethical aspects of participant recruitment experiences during one research (PhD) project in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Using Gibbs' framework for reflection, this paper examines these experiences. The research (PhD) project that informed this reflection aimed to understand the experiences of family caregivers when caring for family members at the end of their life, through recorded interviews in the home, within the context of palliative care provision. Ethical approval had been granted for the main study; however, this paper does not draw on empirical data from the study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n This discussion paper aims to provide a reflection on some challenges faced when\n \n recruiting family caregivers at end of life during the research (PhD) project.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Gibbs\u2019 framework for reflection was used to reflect on experiences of recruitment of 10 family caregivers, whose relatives were receiving palliative care, and who were interviewed in their home environments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \n Our reflections revealed that the recruitment process was protracted\n and challenging<\/jats:italic>\n . When attempting to recruit family caregivers\n for the stud<\/jats:italic>\n y, recruitment extended over a longer period than originally planned. Our reflections suggest that while gatekeeper workload was an influencing factor, a concern arose that they may have applied\n their own<\/jats:italic>\n additional and\n persona<\/jats:italic>\n l ethical measures to determine participant suitability.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n More education and\n supportive<\/jats:italic>\n collaboration with gatekeepers\n may be<\/jats:italic>\n required to ensure that they develop a more comprehensive understanding of the gatekeeper role and are assured and informed of the ethical benchmarks that precede\n d<\/jats:italic>\n their involvement. Enhanced understanding may highlight the benefits of families taking part in healthcare research.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330251356550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T20:39:08Z","timestamp":1753907948000},"page":"2091-2099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recruiting participants for palliative care research: A reflective discussion paper"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8962-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Br\u00edd","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin"},{"name":"Our Lady\u2019s Hospice & Care Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin"},{"name":"Our Lady\u2019s Hospice & Care Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7233-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Timmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunel University London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330231174535"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"Snelling P. The question of whether nursing ethics is a distinct entity is an important and thought provoking one. In: 4th Nursing Ethics Conference Ethics Care & the Workforce \u2018Crisis\u2019 International Interprofessional & Interdisciplinary Perspectives London 30th\/31st August 2024. Brunel University."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"Numminen O. The significance of nurses\u2019 professional codes of ethics: a scoping review of scientific literature. In: 4th Nursing Ethics Conference Ethics Care & the Workforce \u2018Crisis\u2019 International Interprofessional & Interdisciplinary Perspectives London 30th\/31st August 2024. Brunel University."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733016631161"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Wiisak J. The best practices of whistleblowing technology solutions. In: 4th Nursing Ethics Conference Ethics Care & the Workforce \u2018Crisis\u2019 International Interprofessional & Interdisciplinary Perspectives London 30th\/31st August 2024. Brunel University."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-021-00779-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Gatekeepers in research: the experience of recruiting carers of people with chronic blood cancers","volume":"32","author":"Cormican O","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cormican O, Dowling M. Gatekeepers in research: the experience of recruiting carers of people with chronic blood cancers. Nurse Res 2024; 32(2): 15\u201321.","journal-title":"Nurse Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"3065","article-title":"Negotiating with gatekeepers: reflexivity in exploring Turkish men's engagement in domestic violence perpetrators interventions in the UK","volume":"25","author":"Turhan Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Turhan Z, Bernard CA. Negotiating with gatekeepers: reflexivity in exploring Turkish men's engagement in domestic violence perpetrators interventions in the UK. Qual Rep 2020; 25(8): 3065.","journal-title":"Qual Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","volume-title":"Further Education Unit","author":"Gibbs G","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gibbs G. Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods. Further Education Unit, 1988."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2021.101899"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16759-2_46"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","unstructured":"Rosa D. The emotions of nurses in contact with the dying listening and active silence in end-of-life care practice. Literature review. In: 4th Nursing Ethics Conference Ethics Care & the Workforce \u2018Crisis\u2019 International Interprofessional & Interdisciplinary Perspectives London 30th\/31st August 2024. Brunel University."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4197-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317744503"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-022-00964-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","first-page":"e13302","article-title":"Exploring the psychological impact of life-limiting illness using the Attitude to Health Change scales: a qualitative focus group study in a hospice palliative care setting","volume":"29","author":"Dunleavy L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dunleavy L, Walshe C, Machin L. Exploring the psychological impact of life-limiting illness using the Attitude to Health Change scales: a qualitative focus group study in a hospice palliative care setting. Eur J Cancer Care 2020; 29(6): e13302.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216315616759"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","article-title":"Overcoming the challenges and complexities of researching a vulnerable population within a palliative care context","author":"Nabi N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nabi N, Tweats K, Logan K, et al. Overcoming the challenges and complexities of researching a vulnerable population within a palliative care context. SAGE Research Methods Cases. 2020.","journal-title":"SAGE Research Methods Cases"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","volume-title":"Evidence-based medicine E-book: how to practice and teach EBM","author":"Straus SE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Straus SE, Glasziou P, Richardson WS, et al. 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