{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:40:12Z","timestamp":1792845612732,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019752","name":"Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR.NUMS.REC.1403.041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.NUMS.REC.1403.041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurs Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses caring for criminal inmates in hospitals face complex challenges that can compromise holistic and ethical care. In Iran, where incarceration rates are high, this issue is pressing, yet insufficiently explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the challenges Iranian nurses encounter when caring for criminal inmates transferred from prison to public hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive qualitative study using content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants and research context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling with maximum variation to recruit 32 clinical nurses from five major departments (Emergency Medicine, Medical-Surgical, Orthopedics, General Surgery, and Operating Room) of general hospitals affiliated with Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected between October 2024 and January 2025 via in-depth, semi-structured interviews, continuing until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed concurrently with data collection using the Granheim &amp; Lundman content analysis method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethical considerations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was granted by the Research Committee of the xxxx (Ethical code: xxx).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The central theme emerging from the data was \u201cFailure to provide dignified care.\u201d It included three categories: \u201cBarriers to creating a therapeutic relationship,\u201d \u201cDiscrimination in care,\u201d and \u201cLack of training and Inadequate qualification.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of the present study revealed ethical, behavioral, communicative, and competency-related challenges faced by nurses. To address these challenges, a comprehensive approach involving structural, educational, organizational, and cultural interventions is essential. It is imperative that nurses provide non-judgmental and unbiased care, with a fundamental emphasis on respecting patients\u2019 humanity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330261424354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:05:41Z","timestamp":1774433141000},"page":"1452-1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nurses' challenges in caring for criminal inmates in hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Tajmohammad","family":"Arazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepideh","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Moeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Sarchahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Rohaninasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global crime patterns: an analysis of survey data from 166 countries around the world, 2006\u20132019","volume":"37","author":"Van Dijk J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Dijk J, Nieuwbeerta P, Joudo Larsen J. Global crime patterns: an analysis of survey data from 166 countries around the world, 2006\u20132019. J Quant Criminol 2021; 37: 1\u201336.","journal-title":"J Quant Criminol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Caring for criminals","volume":"14","author":"Astari AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Astari AM, Yuliatun L. Caring for criminals. Int J Caring Sci 2021; 14(2): 1034\u20131044.","journal-title":"Int J Caring Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00023-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2021.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09627251.2010.505393"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","volume-title":"Incarceration-related stigma and caring self-efficacy among long-term care nurses [dissertation]","author":"Langston SD","year":"2023","unstructured":"Langston SD. Incarceration-related stigma and caring self-efficacy among long-term care nurses [dissertation]. City University of New York, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31674\/mjn.2020.v12i01.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Caring for criminals","volume":"14","author":"Wirmando M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wirmando M. Caring for criminals. 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