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These challenges are influenced by social, cultural, and religious norms in a middle eastern country, and little is known about the ethical dimensions of their lived experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research question\/aim\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the ethical challenges and human vulnerability experienced by transgender youth in a middle eastern country, focusing on care, dignity, and social justice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative study employing conventional content analysis was conducted to capture in-depth insights from participants\u2019 lived experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants and research context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen transgender youth from the western region of the study setting participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Participants were recruited via purposeful and snowball sampling, and interviews were conducted in private settings, lasting approximately 45 min each.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethical considerations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ethical approval was obtained from the relevant institutional ethics committee. Confidentiality was ensured, written informed consent was obtained, and participants were free to withdraw at any time without consequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings\/results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants reported pervasive experiences of physical and sexual abuse, social rejection, discrimination in education and employment, stigma, rumination, anxiety about the future, family rejection, poverty, engagement in high-risk behaviours including substance use and criminality, and limited access to psychological, sexual health, and therapeutic counselling. These factors significantly affected their mental health, social integration, and overall quality of life, highlighting ethical concerns regarding care, vulnerability, and social justice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender youth in a middle eastern country experience significant ethical and psychosocial challenges that threaten their mental health and well-being. There is an urgent need for culturally sensitive interventions, inclusive policies, and comprehensive counselling services to promote dignity, social justice, and mental health support for transgender individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330261451365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:51:26Z","timestamp":1780663886000},"page":"2184-2204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethical challenges and human vulnerability in transgender youth: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fateme","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshid","family":"Shamsaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Mental, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghaleiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sina (Farshchian) Educational and Medical Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039906"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2162"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"nternational journal of transgender health. 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