{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:22:11Z","timestamp":1777929731465,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]],"date-time":"1997-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":867715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nurs Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Japanese nurses, like their counterparts in many other countries, are suffering from staff shortages and severe working conditions. The Japan Federation of Medical Workers\u2019 Unions (Nihon Iroren) launched a campaign in 1989 for nurses called the \u2018Nurse Wave\u2019. Their demands were many: to increase the numbers of nursing staff, the regulation of night shifts, the implementation of a five-day working week everywhere, a fair appraisal of nurses\u2019 work, better vocational training, etc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Nurses in white uniforms assembled at meetings, marched and took part in nationwide strikes. They collected over 5.4 million petition signatures, which they submitted to Parliament. After three years of campaigning, they won the enactment of a law for securing sufficient numbers of nursing personnel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This struggle, which highlighted the most pressing demands of nurses and was supported by the general public, was a new experience for Japanese nurses. It was a militant movement which demanded that the Government should change its health policy. Against the sluggish image of the Japanese labour movement, strikes and demonstrations organized by nurses dressed in white have made a strong impression on the Japanese people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>As health care is a public service on which the life and death of people depend, a strike at a health institution naturally has constraints and must follow specific procedures. In this article, the measures taken by Nihon Iroren to minimize the consequences of strikes on patients and the local community, the impact of the nurses\u2019 movement on the society, as well as the lessons drawn from the campaign, are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096973309700400407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,6]],"date-time":"2006-11-06T20:22:03Z","timestamp":1162844523000},"page":"313-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Better Working Conditions Won by \u2018Nurse Wave\u2019 Action:                 Japanese nurses\u2019 experience of getting a new law by their militant campaign"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Seishi","family":"Katsuragi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Federation of Medical Workers\u2019 Unions, 1-9-5 Iriya,                         Taito-ku, Tokyo 110, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Nurses\u2019 White Paper                 . Iryodoro (Health Workers) 1989; (327)."},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"122","author":"Ohba M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cosmopolitan Japan"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Law on the promotion of securing nurses and other nursing staff","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Basic guidelines on measures for promoting the supply of nurses and other nursing personnel","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Limit night duty of nurses to within eight nights per month                 . Nihon Keizaishimbun (Japan Economic Newspaper) 1992; (16 Dec)."},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Yoron Chosa","author":"Opinion survey on nursing","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb7","author":"Sugimoto A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ashai Shimbun (Newspaper)"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Projection of supply and demand for nurses","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Projection of supply and demand for nurses","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Nursing Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096973309700400407","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096973309700400407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:52:11Z","timestamp":1777679531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/096973309700400407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/096973309700400407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096973309700400407","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-7330","1477-0989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-7330","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}}}