{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:29:47Z","timestamp":1777415387562,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Naegleria fowleri, a \u201cbrain-eating\u201d amoeba, is the cause of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. It spreads through the nasal route via contaminated water sources and invades the central nervous system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of our study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices about N. fowleri among the general population of Karachi, Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted on the general population in Karachi to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding N. fowleri. Data was collected using a questionnaire with four parts, covering demographics, N. fowleri knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices. The sample size of 400 was determined using the Raosoft Survey Tool. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, including descriptive analysis and the Pearson chi-square test. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. The study period was June\u2013December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed that around 80% of people had never heard about N. fowleri.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed the level of awareness of N. fowleri and measures to avoid its infection in Karachi is very low, where N. fowleri infections are reported every year. Hence, appropriate measures should be taken to increase knowledge and awareness to avoid the spread of N. fowleri infection among the population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531231196996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T07:44:58Z","timestamp":1698824698000},"page":"90-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices related to\n                    <i>Naegleria fowleri<\/i>\n                    Among General Population of Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Shaheera","family":"Younus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3823-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hareer","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5812-9049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burhanuddin Sohail","family":"Rangwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashna","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7215-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Muhammad","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wania","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Raza","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2167-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussain Sohail","family":"Rangwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13192"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa238"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13189\/ujph.2017.050302"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","first-page":"2498283","article-title":"Pharmacy students\u2019 knowledge assessment of Naegleria fowleri infection","volume":"2016","author":"Shakeel S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shakeel S, , Iffat W, , and Khan M. Pharmacy students\u2019 knowledge assessment of Naegleria fowleri infection. Scientifica (Cairo) 2016; 2016: 2498283.","journal-title":"Scientifica (Cairo)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00514-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"426","article-title":"Naegleria fowleri-the brain-eating amoeba: A review","volume":"11","author":"Kurup SB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kurup SB, , Lekshmi P SS, , Vijayan S, . Naegleria fowleri-the brain-eating amoeba: A review. World J Pharm Res 2022; 11(1): 426\u2013440","journal-title":"World J Pharm Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30675-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"547","article-title":"Naegleria fowleri: Rising cases due to a unique strain in Pakistan View project","volume":"33","author":"Afzal SS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afzal SS, , Arif A, , and Mohan P. Naegleria fowleri: Rising cases due to a unique strain in Pakistan View project. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2021; 33(4): 547\u2013548.","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","first-page":"594","article-title":"Waters of death: Naegleria Fowleri (the brain eating Amoeba)","volume":"72","author":"Siddiqi AK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siddiqi AK, , and Chachar MA. Waters of death: Naegleria Fowleri (the brain eating Amoeba). J Pak Med Assoc 2022; 72(3): 594.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091320"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-080X.191924"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","article-title":"Young doctors\u2019 knowledge, Attitudes, and practice regarding Naegleria fowleri in a local tertiary care hospitals of Lahore","volume":"13","author":"Mirza H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirza H, , Mansoor A, , Zil-E-Ali F, . Young doctors\u2019 knowledge, Attitudes, and practice regarding Naegleria fowleri in a local tertiary care hospitals of Lahore. Pakistan J Med Health Sci 2019; 13:5.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2018.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106165"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","first-page":"6677","article-title":"Naegleria fowleri: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Grace E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grace E, , Asbill S, , and Virga K. Naegleria fowleri: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 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