{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:31:40Z","timestamp":1777415500604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals sustaining a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) continue to have suboptimal upper limb (UL) involvement in daily life. Intensity of task practice is one key factor to promote better motor improvement. Task-practice intensity metrics include number of repetitions\/sessions, and this value is currently unknown in people with mild TBI. Kinematic analysis can help estimate the number of repetitions\/sessions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated the minimal number of repetitions for a plateau in performance in an UL pointing task in 10 individuals who had sustained a mild TBI and seven age-matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants performed 45 repetitions and pointed to a central target at arm\u2019s length. The TBI group underwent assessments of UL motor impairment, spasticity and activity limitations. The primary outcome was the number of trials to achieve an asymptote in endpoint error. Secondary outcomes included movement speed, straightness, trunk and UL joint ranges of motion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical assessments revealed absence of motor impairment or activity limitations. However, individuals with mild TBI required more trials (28.5) to reach an asymptote in the pointing movement performance compared to controls (18;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .005, effect size [ES] = \u22120.66). They also had more curved movements (1.11 \u00b1 0.06 vs 1.06 \u00b1 0.01;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .036, ES = 0.64), used more trunk displacement (13.1 \u00b1 3 vs 10.2 \u00b1 2.1 mm;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .044, ES = 1.09) and had lower ranges of motion in wrist extension (24.8 \u00b1 3.8 vs 17.3 \u00b1 3.4;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .006, ES = 1.60), elbow extension (144.7 \u00b1 6.8 vs 152.3 \u00b1 6.8\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .025, ES = 1.22), shoulder flexion (60.5 \u00b1 5.2 vs 66.6 \u00b1 6.4,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .046, ES = 1.07) and shoulder horizontal adduction (77.7 \u00b1 5.0 vs 87.4 \u00b1 9.6,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .014, ES = 1.35).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After sustaining a mild TBI, individuals have deficient UL movement performance. Use of kinematic analyses can help uncover latent deficits in those with perfect scores on clinical assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531251341097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:26:53Z","timestamp":1750228013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Upper Limb Movement Performance in Individuals Sustaining Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5972-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep K.","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ely Ann","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucero","family":"Villalpando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitzi D.","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darrian S.","family":"Mezulic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Verduzco-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"Warm Springs Rehabilitation Hospitals, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00309-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2019.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-203047"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211056662"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2009-0478"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-10-76"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308328727"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2011.563821"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2020.1787849"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3867816"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000024"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_13_2","first-page":"S225","article-title":"Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: Implications for rehabilitation after brain damage","author":"Kleim JA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kleim JA, , and Jones TA. Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: Implications for rehabilitation after brain damage. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008; 51: S225\u2013S239.","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2020.1765421"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000256"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.02.0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1568-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-8-36"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.593368"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000349"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.621"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00858718"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-161405"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-02621-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-015-0081-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0020739X.2011.573876"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-150508"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2021.1879735"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_32_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Motor learning principles for neurorehabilitation","volume":"2013","author":"Kitago T","unstructured":"Kitago T, and Krakauer JW. Motor learning principles for neurorehabilitation. In: Barnes MP and Good DC (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, pp. 93\u2013103.","journal-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00362.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0888439004269072"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.5.940"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000145"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080285"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12584"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320981943"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09727531251341097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09727531251341097","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09727531251341097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:59:59Z","timestamp":1777373999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09727531251341097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09727531251341097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09727531251341097","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-7531","0976-3260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-7531","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-3260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"article-number":"09727531251341097"}}