{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:33:35Z","timestamp":1777415615157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eye-hand coordination is an important component of accurate upper limb movement and is frequently compromised following stroke, leading to persistent functional impairments. Existing methods for the assessment and training of eye -hand coordination are resource-intensive and largely limited to research environments. Therefore, affordable sensor-based technologies may represent a feasible and engaging approach for clinical stroke rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility and concurrent validity of a gamified eye-hand coordination system using Tobii EyeX and Leap Motion for assessing visuomotor performance in individuals with chronic stroke, and to explore its associations with validated clinical outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, single-group, longitudinal pilot study conducted at a physiotherapy rehabilitation center in Jodhpur, India. Fifteen community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke (\u22651 year post-event), aged 45 -70 years, underwent 10 weeks of standard physiotherapy, supplemented with biweekly gamified sessions using the HandEye system. Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Box and Block Test (BBT), and HandEye game scores. Statistical analyses included repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Friedman tests, Spearman correlations, and linear fixed-effects modeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants demonstrated significant improvements in FMA-UE (mean change = +6.86), BBT (+10.2 blocks), and HandEye scores (+4.62 points) over the 10-week period (p &lt; .001 for all). Strong correlations were observed between HandEye scores and BBT (\u03c1 = 0.726, p &lt; .001), and moderate correlations with FMA-UE (\u03c1 = 0.349, p = .019). Fixed-effects modeling revealed a significant association between HandEye scores and FMA-UE (\u03b2 = 0.59, p &lt; .001), though not with BBT. System performance remained stable across sessions, with &lt;5% missing data for gaze and hand tracking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HandEye system integrating Tobii EyeX and Leap Motion provides a low-cost, feasible approach for assessing visuomotor function in stroke rehabilitation settings. Strong associations with manual dexterity suggest potential as an adjunct assessment tool. However, limitations in study design, low training dosage, and unvalidated sensor accuracy necessitate larger randomized trials for clinical validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531251403320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:29:16Z","timestamp":1768894156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of a Gamified Eye-hand Coordination Tool for Post-stroke Upper Limb Assessment Using Tobii EyeX and Leap Motion: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8719-8341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhil","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Physiotherapy College, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8503-8769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shree IG Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70150-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","first-page":"622","article-title":"Long term effects of intensity of upper and lower limb training after stroke: A randomised trial","volume":"76","author":"Kwakkel G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kwakkel G, , Kollen BJ, and Wagenaar RC. Long term effects of intensity of upper and lower limb training after stroke: A randomised trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 76(4): 622\u2013628.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr039"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06917.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309349941"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00117.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_8_2","first-page":"136819","article-title":"Toward low-cost vision-based virtual rehabilitation system for stroke patients","volume":"7","author":"Liu Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, , Chua R, , Hsu D, . Toward low-cost vision-based virtual rehabilitation system for stroke patients. IEEE Access 2019; 7: 136819\u2013136829.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9572","key":"e_1_3_9_9_2","first-page":"425","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"369","author":"Wade DT","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wade DT, and Langhorne P. Stroke. Lancet 2010; 369(9572): 425\u2013436.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VS-GAMES.2009.17"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_9_11_2","first-page":"CD008349","article-title":"Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation","author":"Laver KE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laver KE, , Lange B, , George S, . Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; (11): CD008349.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174328810X12647087218677"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPT.0000260568.31746.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01861"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000098"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_9_17_2","first-page":"e53390","article-title":"Virtual reality therapy for adults post-stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis exploring virtual environments and commercial games in therapy","volume":"8","author":"Lohse KR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lohse KR, , Hilderman CGE, , Cheung KL, . Virtual reality therapy for adults post-stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis exploring virtual environments and commercial games in therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8(3): e53390.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.5.813"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_19_2","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1969.","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09727531251403320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09727531251403320","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09727531251403320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:00:17Z","timestamp":1777374017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09727531251403320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09727531251403320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09727531251403320","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-7531","0976-3260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-7531","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-3260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"article-number":"09727531251403320"}}