{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T10:11:17Z","timestamp":1780654277094,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)\u00a0is the\u00a0leading age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a deposition of \u03b1-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies. Idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) can occur a decade prior to motor symptoms onset in PD. The retina acts as a window to the brain and its structural changes, along with RBD, may serve as a\u00a0prodromal marker\u00a0for PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the existing scientific evidence on structural retinal alterations in subjects with iRBD and PD with and without RBD. The selected four studies were observational and investigated the structural retinal layer thickness in iRBD patients, PD patients who likely had RBD (probable RBD), PD lacking RBD, and healthy individuals. Findings reported thinning of the retinal ganglion cell layer, nerve fibre layer (RNFL), outer and inner plexiform layers, inner and outer nuclear layers, reduced ganglion cell complex thickness, and peripapillary RNFL. Additionally, one study reported functional changes, including diminished contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in both the iRBD and PD groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Message<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review highlights significant thinning of retinal layers in RBD subjects in the context of PD. Retinal imaging serves as a biomarker in the early detection of neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531261446810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:36:46Z","timestamp":1780472206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal Architecture in Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder: Insights from a Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8829-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megha Shri","family":"Nanjundaswamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Mailankody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monojit","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8016-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70259-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(24)00094-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000527513"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.166959"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2020-000112"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6239"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000340980.19702.6e"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-10-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.2.293"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.9.1166"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa294"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04767"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.6.894"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","first-page":"2313","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders\u2014third edition (ICSD-3)","volume":"281","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 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