{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T12:06:24Z","timestamp":1784376384173,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate as surrogate factors attributed to cognitive deterioration among older adults with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Increased homocysteine levels &gt;15 \u00b5mol\/L (hyperhomocysteinaemia) due to insufficiency of vitamin B12 contribute to damage to the small blood vessels in the brain and aggravate the white matter lesion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to determine the impact of B12, folic acid and homocysteine in modulating cognitive functions and white matter hyperintensity in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case-control study of a total number of 82 patients (41 AD patients and 41 controls) was recruited. The cognitive functions were assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and white matter hyperintensity was marked by magnetic resonance imaging studies. The levels of vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine in serum were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The noticeable changes were observed in the cognitive scores and levels of B12, folic acid and homocysteine in AD and controls and found statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Spearman\u2019s rank correlations revealed that cognitive functions (MoCA score) showed a direct correlation with B12 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.513,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Conversely, MoCA was moderately negatively correlated with homocysteine (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.422,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Participants with B12 deficiency showed a significantly higher frequency of white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 4.654,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .031; Fisher\u2019s exact\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .048).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nutrient deficiencies, especially B12, have a disruptive impact on cognitive domains and WMH in AD, which could be considered as key indicators to identify the disease severity among older adults. Recommendations of vitamin B12 plus supplements might be connected to clinical and public health initiatives to halt the rate of progression of cognitive decline in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531261457693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:04:37Z","timestamp":1784181877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Vitamin B12, Folate and Homocysteine in Modulating Cognitive Functions and the Brain\u2019s White Matter Hyperintensity in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4313-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram Prakash","family":"Sah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences &amp; Research Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"CS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubha","family":"Jayaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshu Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, JSS Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagdeesh","family":"Damodaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01124-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.22027"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12928"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24145"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106201"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1231-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010082"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.15.1774"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0750-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiner MF and Lipton AM. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of Alzheimer disease and other dementias. 1st ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Publishing; 2009.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781585628940"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic requirements for ICD-11 mental behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders. 1st ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. p. 617\u2013623."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12550"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.23.0135"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00466"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12424"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.931560"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","first-page":"e6976","article-title":"Low vitamin B12 levels: an underestimated cause of minimal cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"12","author":"Jatoi S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jatoi S, , Hafeez A, , Riaz SU, . Low vitamin B12 levels: an underestimated cause of minimal cognitive impairment and dementia. Cureus 2020; 12(2): e6976.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071494"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.11020052"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2018.76863"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103714"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021371"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-01057-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51972"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2021.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210166"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","first-page":"1887","article-title":"Serum homocysteine levels are correlated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Kim H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim H, and Lee KJ. Serum homocysteine levels are correlated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10: 1887\u20131896.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.04.088"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10112741"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182315a33"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.001"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09727531261457693","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09727531261457693","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09727531261457693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T11:48:17Z","timestamp":1784375297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09727531261457693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09727531261457693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09727531261457693","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-7531","0976-3260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-7531","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-3260","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"article-number":"09727531261457693"}}