{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:01:27Z","timestamp":1790229687306,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative disorder presenting with cognitive and non-cognitive impairment. Currently approved therapies alleviate symptoms but do not modify disease progression and may be associated with adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to compare the effect of nilotinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u03c9<\/jats:sup>\n                      -nitro-\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) as agents that improve learning and memory processes in a scopolamine-induced rat model of AD with memantine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6 in each group). Scopolamine hydrobromide 3 mg\/kg i.p. once daily for 7 days was used to induce AD-like cognitive deficits. Behavioural testing (elevated plus maze [EPM] and Morris water maze [MWM]) was performed on days 8 and 9. From day 10, rats were treated with nilotinib (10 mg\/kg p.o.), L-NAME (10 mg\/kg i.p.), memantine (10 mg\/kg p.o.) or saline for 21 days. Behavioural testing was repeated on days 29 and 30. Then, animals were sacrificed, and brain homogenates were prepared for estimation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid-beta 1-42 (A\u03b21-42) and PARK-7 levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Scopolamine increased transfer latency in the EPM and escape latency in the MWM and increased AChE and A\u03b21-42 levels, but it decreased PARK-7. Both nilotinib and L-NAME significantly reduced transfer latency and escape latency compared to scopolamine (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Both treatments reduced AChE and A\u03b21-42 levels and increased PARK-7. Nilotinib produced significantly greater improvements than L-NAME (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01) with effects comparable to memantine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nilotinib and L-NAME improved cognitive function and modulated cholinergic, amyloid and autophagy-related markers in a rat model of AD. Nilotinib demonstrated superior efficacy to L-NAME and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Further studies are warranted to evaluate long-term effects and clinical applicability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531261470562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:17:15Z","timestamp":1789971435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["To Study the Effect of Nilotinib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, on Learning and Memory and Its Comparison with Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor in an Animal Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9496-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anurag","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasreen","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autonomous State Medical College, Lakhimpur Kheri, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3818-6720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amod Kumar","family":"Sachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishi","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0997-1021"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.2.742"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.4.1031"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.3748"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203878"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1271"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-011-9588-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1487-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4101.098281"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_9_11_2","first-page":"695","article-title":"The protective role of nitric oxide in the brain ischemia","volume":"51","author":"Dobrucki LW","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dobrucki LW, , Kalinowski L, , Uracz W, . 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