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Among such cancers, digestive system malignancies (including esophageal adenocarcinomas, colorectal cancers, and cancers of the gastric cardia, liver, and pancreas) are reported most frequently. While the 5-year survival rates of cancers of the breast and prostate are 90%, that rate is only 45% for digestive cancers. In this review, the mechanisms of obesity-associated digestive cancers are discussed, with an emphasis on obesity-related gene mutations, insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways, chronic inflammation, and altered adipokine levels. Evidence that these factors often function interdependently rather than independently in carcinogenesis is presented. Recommended interventions that may reduce the burden of obesity-associated digestive cancers, such as participation in physical activity, diet modulation, and calorie restriction, are also described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1010428317695020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T07:00:43Z","timestamp":1490770843000},"page":"101042831769502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Obesity-associated digestive cancers: A review of mechanisms and interventions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 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