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Survey data from 2996 participants were randomly collected from 8 high school and 8 middle school students in Seoul, South Korea. This study found that Korean high and middle school students had greater optimistic bias toward HIV\/AIDS compared with their peers ( P = .000). Involvement ( r = \u22120.19; P &lt; .01) decreased optimistic bias, whereas self-esteem ( r = 0.13; P &lt; .01) and self-control ( r = 0.22; P &lt; .01) increased it. Univariate analysis results indicated that gender and academic performance significantly influenced optimistic bias. However, according to hierarchical multiple regression, this significance was lost, and involvement, self-esteem, and self-control exerted a greater effect. Equipping Korean adolescents with involvement, awareness, and tailored interventions will reduce optimistic bias and yield greater protection against HIV\/AIDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511404395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]],"date-time":"2012-10-23T10:48:10Z","timestamp":1350989290000},"page":"816-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adolescent Optimistic Bias Toward HIV\/AIDS in Seoul, South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aeree","family":"Sohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungsoo","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Easton A.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1010539511404395","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 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