{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:34:14Z","timestamp":1777430054599,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]],"date-time":"2013-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia Pac J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Karachi is the only mega city in the world with persistent poliovirus transmission. We determined routine childhood immunization rates in Karachi and identified predictors of vaccine completion. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karachi between August and September 2008. Data on demographics, socioeconomic, and DTP3 vaccination status in children 12 to 23 months old were collected. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of vaccination completion. Overall, 1401 participants were approached; 1391 consented to participate. Of these, 1038 (75%) were completely vaccinated. Punjabi families had the highest DTP3 coverage (82%), followed by Urdu-speaking families (79%). Pashtun (67%) and Bengali (48%) families had the lowest vaccine coverage. Children of mothers with \u226512 years of schooling (OR = 25.4; 95% CI = 5.7-113.1) were most likely to be vaccinated. A quarter of study participants were unvaccinated. Targeted strategies for boosting DTP3 rates in communities with low immunization coverage are essential for polio eradication in Karachi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539513475648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T07:41:58Z","timestamp":1361259718000},"page":"67-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Ethnic Disparities in Routine Immunization Coverage"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nida Tariq","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aatekah","family":"Owais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajmal","family":"Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehtab S.","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita K. M.","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1010539513475648","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO-UNICEF estimates of DTP3 coverage. 2011. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/immunization_monitoring\/en\/globalsummary\/timeseries\/tswucoveragedtp3.htm. Accessed April 23, 2012."},{"key":"bibr2-1010539513475648","first-page":"391","volume":"57","author":"Siddiqi N","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr3-1010539513475648","first-page":"301","volume":"49","author":"Ahmad N","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr4-1010539513475648","first-page":"81","volume":"27","author":"Shaikh S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pak Paedtr J"},{"key":"bibr5-1010539513475648","first-page":"53","volume":"36","author":"Tarin E","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pak J Health"},{"key":"bibr6-1010539513475648","first-page":"145","volume":"24","author":"Faish Z","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pak Paedtr J"},{"key":"bibr7-1010539513475648","volume-title":"Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr8-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.12.2018"},{"key":"bibr9-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.08.042"},{"key":"bibr10-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/14.1.49"},{"key":"bibr11-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2005.04.008"},{"key":"bibr12-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-125"},{"key":"bibr13-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6827.606"},{"key":"bibr14-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511430995"},{"key":"bibr15-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-239"},{"key":"bibr16-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539508327030"},{"key":"bibr17-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004"},{"key":"bibr18-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030421"},{"key":"bibr19-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101999000200006","volume":"33","author":"da Silva AA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"bibr20-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2006.00623.x"},{"key":"bibr21-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00411-4"},{"key":"bibr22-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/41.6.376"},{"key":"bibr23-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004947559702700405"},{"key":"bibr24-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.063"},{"key":"bibr25-1010539513475648","first-page":"29","volume":"2","author":"Roodpeyma S","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr26-1010539513475648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/14.1.135"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr27-1010539513475648","first-page":"17","volume":"53","author":"Nurman J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Santo Tomas J Med"},{"key":"bibr28-1010539513475648","first-page":"722","volume":"77","author":"Streefland PH","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"}],"container-title":["Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1010539513475648","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1010539513475648","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1010539513475648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:41:01Z","timestamp":1777376461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1010539513475648"}},"subtitle":["A Reason for Persistent Poliovirus Circulation in Karachi, Pakistan?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1010539513475648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1010539513475648","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-5395","1941-2479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1010-5395","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]]}}}