{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:02:34Z","timestamp":1792000954793,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6-7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001388","name":"Wenner-Gren Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Gr. 9426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Gr. 9426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia Pac J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity prevalence has increased in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) over the past several decades, with generally greater occurrence among adult females compared with males. Gendered variation in health behaviors, such as substance use, may play a role in how differences in obesity, body size, and composition manifest in association with sex. This study examines sex-moderated relationships of tobacco smoking and kava consumption with body composition and obesity among 301 Ni-Vanuatu (local self-identification meaning \u201cof Vanuatu\u201d) adults. Data collected included self-reported frequency of substance use as well as anthropometric measurements to assess body mass, composition, and obesity. Tobacco and kava use were associated with reduced measurements of body mass and adiposity in males, and kava use was associated with some elevated measurements of body mass and hip circumference in females. Kava use was also negatively associated with obesity based on waist-to-height ratio among males. These results have implications for evaluation and future research on substance control programs in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395221108593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T05:20:48Z","timestamp":1657344048000},"page":"634-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relationships of Tobacco Use and Kava Consumption to Sex-Associated Variation in Body Composition and Obesity Risk in Melanesian Adults From Vanuatu"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0843-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Olszowy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda B.","family":"Roome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bassett Research Institute, Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Standard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioArkive, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Len","family":"Tarivonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Vanuatu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Taleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Vanuatu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey N.","family":"Dancause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des sciences de l\u2019activit\u00e9 physique, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10105395221108593","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044604."},{"key":"bibr2-10105395221108593","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x."},{"key":"bibr3-10105395221108593","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.03.029."},{"key":"bibr4-10105395221108593","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.002063."},{"key":"bibr5-10105395221108593","unstructured":"WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. 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