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This study aimed to provide evidence on the effectiveness of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies had outcomes, such as oral health knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, gingival health, and caries index, and those published from 1995 to 2019 in English. After screening and reviewing the retrieved articles, 20 studies were included in the systematic review and six eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. The computed effect size of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries showed improved knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, and gingival health from the selected studies. However, most of the interventions took place for less than one year, and long-term evidence is still lacking. As repetition and reinforcement are critical in maintaining long-term effects, both country context and sustainability should be considered in school-based oral health education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395241240959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T07:15:03Z","timestamp":1711610103000},"page":"312-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effectiveness of School-Based Oral Health Education for Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2804-8749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Institute for Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, SNU Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Law and Bioethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10105395241240959","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513490168"},{"key":"bibr2-10105395241240959","unstructured":"Zabokova BE. 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