{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:29:07Z","timestamp":1777429747842,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,10,1]],"date-time":"1992-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":717897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asia Pac J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With improvements in life expectancy and as more and more people have access to modern medicine, non-communicable diseases are emerging as a health problem in both urban and rural communities in Myanmar. Of all non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known to be the major health problem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Since many studies that have been conducted in both developed and developing countries have shown a difference between rural and urban communities with regard to cardiovascular diseases, our study had the objective of finding out the prevalence of ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease and rheumatic heart disease in a rural and urban community. The risk of obesity and smoking in the occurrence of CVD was also studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three urban townships of Yangon City (Sanchaung, Latha and Pabedan) and one rural township of Hmawbi. The results showed that CVD were a health problem in both the urban and rural communities. Coronary heart disease was seen to be more prevalent in the urban townships than in the rural Hmawbi Township, but hypertension (HT) and rheumatic heart diseases (RHD) were more prevalent in the rural township of Hmawbi. Obesity which has been blamed as the major risk factor for CHD and HT in the developed countries was not found to be a risk factor in the study townships, but smoking was.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/101053959200600403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,28]],"date-time":"2011-06-28T15:36:36Z","timestamp":1309275396000},"page":"188-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Rural Area of Hmawbi and Urban Yangon City"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"family":"Aung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangon General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myo Thet","family":"Htoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research, Department of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thein","family":"Ngwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive and Social Medicine Department, Institute of Medicine I, Yangon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nyan","family":"Tun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive and Social Medicine Department, Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, CVD Control Project, Department of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"May Mon","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive and Social Medicine Department, Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, CVD Control Project, Department of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease.","author":"WHO Expert Committee on Cardiovascular Disease.","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"2. World Health Organization. Comprehensive Cardiovascular Community Control Programme in Developing Countries. 1981. WHO\/CVD. 82.4"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"The Epidemiology of Hypertension.","author":"Stamler R","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"4. Rose GA, Blackburn H, Gillum RF, Prineas RJ. Cardiovascular Surveys Methods. Edition 2, Geneva: World Health Organization 1982:123."},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"645","volume":"27","author":"Rose GA","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bulletin of WHO"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Arterial Hypertension and Ischaemic Heart Disease: Preventive Aspects.","author":"WHO Expert Committee.","year":"1962"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Arterial Hypertension.","author":"WHO Expert Committee on Cardiovascular Disease.","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"32","author":"USA, American Heart Association","year":"1965","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"33","author":"Kumar A","year":"1982","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"10. Dalen JE, Albert JS. Valvular Heart Diseases. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987:600."},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"WHO Expert Committee on Diet, Nutrition and Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases. Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"70","author":"Haynes SG","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"1158","volume-title":"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"Berman EL.","year":"1980","edition":"9"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"14. Tint K, Nyun WL. Smoking habits and the use of hard drugs among villagers. Report of the Burma Medical Research Council. 1976."},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Controlling the Smoking Epidemic.","author":"WHO Expert Committee on Smoking.","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"3","volume":"69","author":"Leon AS.","year":"1985","journal-title":"An Analysis of Epidemiologic and Supporting Studies, Medical Clinics North America."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-1-85"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Rosenman RH, Riedman M. The possible relationship of the Emotions to Clinical Coronary Heart Disease. Hormones and Atherosclerosis. New York: Academic Press, 1959:283.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-2880-8.50026-0"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"19. Preventive and Social Medicine Department, Institute of Medicine I. Report on the Prevalence of Hypertension in Ward 14 of South Okkalapa Township. Yangon, 1986."},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"2856","volume":"13","author":"Beilin L.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Medicine International."},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.3.313"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92363-1"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"72","volume":"9","author":"Suk KS","year":"1982","journal-title":"Medical Progress"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"24. Mannar MGV. Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders by Salt Iodination in Burma. UNICEF Report. Yangon. 1984."},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"74","volume":"36","author":"Benowitz NL","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"26. Aye SS et al. Report on the Situation of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Burma. Paediatric Medicine Department. Institute of Medicine I, Yangon. 1986."},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Planning to Prevent Rheumatic Fever\/Rheumatic Heart Disease.","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/101053959200600403","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/101053959200600403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:39:35Z","timestamp":1777376375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/101053959200600403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/101053959200600403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/101053959200600403","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-5395","1941-2479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1010-5395","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]}}}