{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:29:26Z","timestamp":1777429766073,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,10,1]],"date-time":"1994-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":780969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asia Pac J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined whether immunization coverage (IMC) is one of the predictors of infant mortality rate (IMR), as a single indicator representing the availability of primary health care (PHC) services in developing countries. Multiple regression analysis showed that partial correlation coefficients for IMR with immunization coverage (-0.224), logarithm of per capita GNP (-0.294), total fertility rate (0.269), and adult literacy rate (-0.325) were all statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001) in 97 developing countries which make up more than 97% of the population in all developing countries of the world. Multiple correlation coefficients of IMR with these four variables in 97 countries was 0.921. Thus, more than 80% of variation of IMR in developing countries were explained by the variation of the four variables. The study also showed that IMC was well correlated (simple correlation) with the four indicators of the availability of primary health care services: access to local care (0.730), care of pregnant women (0.603), delivery care (0.666), and infant care (0.553), all of which were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001) in the 48 developing countries which make up 42% of the population of all developing countries. Multiple correlation coefficients of these four variables was 0.787. About 60% of the variation of IMC will be explained by the variation of the four variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Thus we conclude that immunization coverage is one of the main predictors of the infant mortality rate. It represents one of the health intervention components which can be used as a proxy indicator of the availability of PHC service in developing countries. Asia Pac J Public Health1994;7(4): 228-32.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/101053959400700406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,28]],"date-time":"2011-06-28T15:36:36Z","timestamp":1309275396000},"page":"228-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immunization Coverage and Infant Mortality Rate in Developing Countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Akira","family":"Shimouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Ozasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyohei","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"1. World Health Organization, Primary Health Care. Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6\u201312 September 1978. Geneva: World Health Organisation."},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"2. Development of indicators for monitoring progress towards health for all by the year 2000. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1981;39\u201340."},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"3. Overview of acute respiratory infections in the Western Pacific Region, Report of Regional Workshop on Acute Respiratory Infections, Manila, Philippines, 10\u201314 November 1986, WHO Regional Of fice for the Western Pacific, 1987:3\u20134."},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"33","author":"Rosero-Bixby L","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.1.30"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105283042203"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. 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United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Illiterate Population Statistical Yearbook 1989, UNESCO."},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/c1341178-en"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"20. Deaths according to cause, World Health Statistics Annual 1973\u201376 Volume 1, Geneva: World Health Organization, 1976:188\u2013715."},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"21. Causes of deaths, World Health Statistics Annual 1989. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1989; 168\u2013387."},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"22. Development of immunization services, World Health Statistics Annual 1988. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1988:30\u201334."}],"container-title":["Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/101053959400700406","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/101053959400700406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:39:44Z","timestamp":1777376384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/101053959400700406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/101053959400700406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/101053959400700406","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-5395","1941-2479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1010-5395","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}}}