{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:00:40Z","timestamp":1777431640107,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]],"date-time":"2012-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to describe the problems with the contemporary nosology of \u2018depression\u2019 and to discuss the key linguistic and phenomenological aspects that are essential prerequisites for a clinically meaningful typology of depressive disorders. The paper comprises observations and reflections drawn from clinical work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, the use of the unqualified, stock term \u2018depression\u2019 is counterproductive, as are the diagnostic non-entities of \u2018major depression\u2019 and \u2018dysthymia\u2019. Second, the core psychopathology in melancholic depression is a loss of self-confidence, which helps explain the frequent co-occurrence of \u2018anxiety\u2019 with \u2018depression\u2019. Third, descriptive, non-technical terms such as \u2018demoralisation\u2019 and \u2018grief\u2019 are most helpful in formulating non-melancholic forms of depression and thus useful in differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856212465659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]],"date-time":"2012-10-26T20:18:07Z","timestamp":1351282687000},"page":"483-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A nosological review of depressive disorders based on observations in clinical practice, Part 1: terminology and phenomenology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sam","family":"Restifo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatrist, North Metropolitan Mental Health Service, Shenton Park, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1039856212465659","unstructured":"Watzlawick P. 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