{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:16:39Z","timestamp":1790280999512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n We examined the extent to which ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol use could predict prevalence of violence and self-harm in an inpatient psychiatric sample.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method:<\/jats:title>\n We collected demographic and clinical data in a series of 141 adult psychiatric inpatients in Hamilton, New Zealand. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test, Revised (CUDIT-R) were used to measure substance use. Clinical assessment and file review were used to verify histories of self-harm and violence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n It was found that 66% had a history of violence, 54% of self-harm, and 40% of both; only 20% had neither. Cannabis use was found to significantly predict lifetime history of violence ( p = 0.02); other independent variables (gender, age, ethnicity, alcohol use, psychiatric diagnosis) did not. Self-harm was strikingly predicted by female gender ( p < 0.001), as well as by measures both of cannabis ( p = 0.025) and alcohol use ( p = 0.036); age, ethnicity and diagnosis did not reach significance. Less than 10% of patients were engaged with drug or alcohol services.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Cannabis use is a significant predictor of lifetime violence among the severely mentally ill, while both alcohol and cannabis use predict self-harm. Few affected patients receive specific treatment for substance use comorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856216671650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T21:20:05Z","timestamp":1475011205000},"page":"28-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Violence and self-harm in severe mental illness: inpatient study of associations with ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Vajira","family":"Dharmawardene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Teaching Hospital, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Menkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Psychiatrist, Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1039856216671650","first-page":"306","volume":"128","author":"Short T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"bibr2-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.537"},{"key":"bibr3-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-140632"},{"key":"bibr4-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.3.205"},{"key":"bibr5-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.10.979"},{"key":"bibr6-1039856216671650","volume-title":"Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey","author":"Beautrais A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr7-1039856216671650","first-page":"31","volume":"127","author":"Cunningham R","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"bibr8-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856215586147"},{"key":"bibr9-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x"},{"key":"bibr10-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.017"},{"key":"bibr11-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494814525003"},{"key":"bibr12-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.10.025"},{"key":"bibr13-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.04.029"},{"key":"bibr14-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12306"},{"key":"bibr15-1039856216671650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.30.5.166"}],"container-title":["Australasian Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1039856216671650","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1039856216671650","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1039856216671650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:48:34Z","timestamp":1777376914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1039856216671650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1039856216671650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1039856216671650","relation":{},"ISSN":["1039-8562","1440-1665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1039-8562","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1665","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]}}}