{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:24:50Z","timestamp":1777433090268,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the literature on the definition of aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), identify high-risk AGPs, guidelines to use personal protective equipment (PPE) and review evidence to see if electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a high-risk AGP requiring the use of PPE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Existing guidelines and research data were reviewed to answer the questions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is consensus about the type of anaesthesia used during ECT, what constitutes AGPs and what PPE should be used. It was not clear if ECT was an AGP, but we argue that it is one based on evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that ECT is an AGP and that it requires the appropriate use of PPE after taking in to account local supply and demand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856220953699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T15:53:22Z","timestamp":1599753202000},"page":"632-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Electroconvulsive therapy, personal protective equipment and aerosol generating procedures: a review to guide practice during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1431-6888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subramanian","family":"Purushothaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brisbane & Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brisbane & Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Reinders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Garrett-Walcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caboolture Hospital, Caboolture, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Buda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brisbane & Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Moudgil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brisbane & Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Emmerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro North Mental Health"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland"},{"name":"Royal Brisbane & Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1039856220953699","unstructured":"ECT is an essential treatment and can save lives during COVID - 19: Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP); 2020 [cited 04 May 2020], https:\/\/www.ranzcp.org\/news-policy\/news\/ect-is-an-essential-treatment-and-can-save-lives-d"},{"key":"bibr2-1039856220953699","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espinoza RT, Kellner CH, McCall WV. ECT during COVID-19: an essential medical procedure - maintaining service viability and accessibility. JECT 2020; 36: 78\u201379.","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000689"},{"key":"bibr3-1039856220953699","unstructured":"Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care\n                      . WHO Guidelines. World Health Organization; 2014 [cited 04 May 2020], https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/112656\/9789241507134_eng.pdf;jsessionid=DC4254A4B70DB22F0F9D8EBB997CBFA8?sequence=1"},{"key":"bibr4-1039856220953699","first-page":"192","volume":"10","author":"Uppal V","year":"2010","journal-title":"CEACCP"},{"key":"bibr5-1039856220953699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-55717-3"},{"key":"bibr6-1039856220953699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035797"},{"key":"bibr7-1039856220953699","unstructured":"Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care\n                      . WHO Interim Guidelines. WHO; 2007 [cited 06 May 2020], https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/WHO_CDS_EPR_2007_6c.pdf?ua=1"},{"key":"bibr8-1039856220953699","unstructured":"Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGPs): Health Protection Scotland (HPS); 2020 [cited 04 May 2020], https:\/\/hpspubsrepo.blob.core.windows.net\/hps-website\/nss\/2893\/documents\/1_tbp-lr-agp-v1.1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr9-1039856220953699","unstructured":"Partners Infection Control Guidance on Respiratory Protection And Use of Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms (AIIRs) During Aerosol - Generating Procedures During COVID - 19 Response Massachusetts General Hospital; 2020 [cited 05 May 2020], https:\/\/www.massgeneral.org\/assets\/MGH\/pdf\/news\/coronavirus\/list-of-aerosol-generating-procedures.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-1039856220953699","unstructured":"COVID - 19 personal protective equipment (PPE): Public Health England; 2020 [cited 05 May 2020], https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention-and-control\/covid-19-personal-protective-equipment-ppe"},{"key":"bibr11-1039856220953699","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Interim infection prevention and control guidelines for the management of COVID-19 in healthcare settings - Version 1.11 23 April 2020: Queensland health; 2020 [cited 06 May 2020], https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0038\/939656\/qh-covid-19-Infection-control-guidelines.pdf","DOI":"10.7748\/ldp.23.3.11.s8"},{"key":"bibr12-1039856220953699","unstructured":"Guidance on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak: Department of Health - Australian Government; 2020 [cited 06 May 2020], https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2020\/04\/guidance-on-the-use-of-personal-protective-equipment-ppe-in-hospitals-during-the-covid-19-outbreak.pdf"},{"key":"bibr13-1039856220953699","unstructured":"ANZCA statement on personal protection equipment during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (9 April 2020): Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists & The Faculty of Pain Medicine 2020 [cited 12 May 2020], http:\/\/www.anzca.edu.au\/documents\/anzca-covid-ppe-statement-v24-09042020.pdf"},{"key":"bibr14-1039856220953699","unstructured":"COVID - 19: infection prevention and control guidance: Public Health England; 2020 [cited 05 May 2020], https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/881489\/COVID-19_Infection_prevention_and_control_guidance_complete.pdf"},{"key":"bibr15-1039856220953699","unstructured":"COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Matrix and Infection Control Recommendations: SA Health; 2020 [cited 04 May 2020], https:\/\/www.sahealth.sa.gov.au\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/952a07a8-a676-4e53-9603-67c44f2162c3\/COVID+assessment+matrix_v2+0+%28FINAL+as+of+24.4.+2020%29.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&amp;CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-952a07a8-a676-4e53-9603-67c44f2162c3-n6GTr.d"},{"key":"bibr16-1039856220953699","unstructured":"COVID - 19 Contingency Procedure Guidelines: University of Nebraska Medical Center; 2020 [cited 05 May 2020], https:\/\/www.nebraskamed.com\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/covid-19\/perioperative-guidelines-for-patients-requiring-perioperative-services.pdf"},{"key":"bibr17-1039856220953699","unstructured":"COVID-19: Aerosol Generation from Coughs and Sneezes Ontario: Public Health Ontario; 2020 [cited 04 May 2020], https:\/\/www.publichealthontario.ca\/-\/media\/documents\/ncov\/ipac\/report-covid-19-aerosol-generation-coughs-sneezes.pdf?la=en"},{"key":"bibr18-1039856220953699","first-page":"86","volume":"36","author":"Colbert SA","year":"2020","journal-title":"JECT"},{"key":"bibr19-1039856220953699","first-page":"80","volume":"36","author":"Tor PC","year":"2020","journal-title":"JECT"},{"key":"bibr20-1039856220953699","unstructured":"Foley K. ElectroConvulsive Therapy (ECT) during COVID - 19 pandemic 2020 [cited 04 May 2020], https:\/\/www.anesthesia.utoronto.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/ect_during_covid_-_camh_dr._karen_foley.pdf"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr21-1039856220953699.1","unstructured":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Fact Sheet: Sheppard Pratt"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr21-1039856220953699.2","unstructured":"2020 [cited 04 May 2020], https:\/\/www.sheppardpratt.org\/files\/resources\/covid-101-fact-sheet.pdf"}],"container-title":["Australasian Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1039856220953699","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1039856220953699","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1039856220953699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:50:36Z","timestamp":1777377036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1039856220953699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1039856220953699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1039856220953699","relation":{},"ISSN":["1039-8562","1440-1665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1039-8562","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1665","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]}}}